Herbisit Toksisitesi ve Yabancı Otlara Karşı Alternatif Mücadele Stratejileri

Dünyada ve ülkemizde hastalık, zararlı ve yabancı otlar tarımsal üretimi etkileyen en önemli faktörlerin başında gelmektedir. Bu bitki koruma etmenleriyle mücadele yapılmadığı taktirde yüzde yüzlere varan ürün kayıpları söz konusu olabilmektedir. Gerek dünyada gerekse ülkemizde bitki koruma etmenleriyle mücadelede çoğunlukla pestisitler kullanılmaktadır. Dünyada pestisitler içerisinde %47’lik bir oranda kullanılan herbisitler, pestisitler içerisinde ilk sırayı almaktadır. Herbisitlerin bu orada yüksek kullanılması ve herbisitlerin uygulanmasındaki bazı hatalar sebebiyle herbisit toksisitesi meydana gelmektedir. Herbisit toksisitesi hem çevreye hem de canlı organizmalara zarar vermekte, gelecek nesiller için tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Ürüne özgü uygulanacak herbisitlere alternatif mücadele stratejileri, herbisit toksisitesini tehdit olmaktan çıkarabilecek ve ayrıca yabancı otların herbisit dayanıklılığı da ortadan kaldırılabilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Herbisit, toksisite, yabancı ot, alternatif mücadele

Herbicide Toxicity and Alternative Control Strategies Against to Weeds

Plant diseases, pests and weeds are the most important factors that effect agricultural production in both Tuerkey and worldwide. Up to a hundred percent yield loss may occur without using proper plant protection methods. Generally, chemical control methodshave been preferred against plant pests, diseases and weeds both in the world and Turkey. Herbicides is being used about %47 percent worldwide, and herbicides are ranked as firstamong pesticides. Great amounts of used pesticides and application mistakes during usage posed the herbicide toxicity risk. The misusing and overusing herbicides cause herbicide toxicity and residue problem. Herbicide toxicity is hazardous not only for environment but also for living organisms and is a threat for next generations. Using alternative weed control strategies peculiar to crops instead of herbicides may discard toxicity problems and herbicide resistance in weeds.

Keywords:

Herbicide, toxicity, weed, alternative control,

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