Tekirdağ ili (Türkiye) ayçiçeği tarlalarında nematod çeşitlilik indeksleri ile toprak sağlığının belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma

2021-2022 yıllarında yürütülen bu çalışmada, Tekirdağ ili ayçiçeği tarlalarında nematod biyoçeşitlilik indeksleri kullanılarak örneklenen tarlaların fiziksel özelliklerini belirlemek için nematod kommünite yapısı incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla 37 ayçiçeği tarlasından toplanan topraklarda nematod varlığı incelenmiştir. Toprakta 34 cins fungivor [3 cins, örneğin Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)], bakterivor [9 cins, örneğin Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)], omnivor [4 cins, örneğin Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845 (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae)],, predatör [2 cins, örneğin Seinura Fuchs, 1931 (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)] ve bitki paraziti [17 cins, örn., Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)] nematodları içeren 34 cins nematod modifiye edilmiş Baermann Huni yöntemiyle izole edilmiştir. Tüm alanlarda fungivor ve bakterivor türler baskın bulunmuştur. Tür düzeyinde tespit edilen 17 bitki paraziti nematod arasında ekonomik açıdan en önemli türler Longidorus elongatus Mikoletzky, 1922 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev,1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen 1953 ve Pratylenchus zea Graham, 1951 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) olmuştur. Tarlalarda toprak özelliklerini tahmin etmek için hesaplanan olgunluk indeksleri 2.33±0.36 olup, iki alan dışında çoğu alanda değer <3 olarak belirlenmiştir. Besin ağı analizi, toprakların %76.3'ünün fiziksel özelliklerinin kötüleştiğini ve yüksek bir C:N oranına sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. İki tarlada ise toprak özellikleri zenginleştirilmiş, diğerleri ise verimli olarak saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Helianthus annuus, nematod kommünite analizi, toprak sağlığı

A survey in sunflower fields in Tekirdağ (Türkiye) to determine soil health with nematode-based diversity indices

In this study conducted in 2021-2022, nematode community structure was investigated in sunflower fields in Tekirdağ to determine sampled fields' physical characteristics based on nematode biodiversity indices. For this purpose, soils collected from 37 sunflower fields were examined for nematode presence. In the soils, 34 genera of fungivore [3 genera, e.g., Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)], bacterivore [9 genera, e.g., Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida: Cephalobidae)], omnivore [4 genera, e.g., Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845 (Dorylaimida: Dorylaimidae)], predator [2 genera, e.g., Seinura Fuchs, 1931 (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae)], and plant-parasitic [17 genera, e.g., Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)] nematodes were recovered by the modified Baermann Funnel method. The dominant nematodes were fungivores and plant-parasitics occurring in all fields. Among 17 plant-parasitic nematodes identified at a species level, the most economically important species were Longidorus elongatus Mikoletzky, 1922 (Dorylaimida: Longidoridae), Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn, 1857) Filipjev,1936 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen 1953, and Pratylenchus zea Graham, 1951 (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae). Maturity indices calculated to estimate soil characteristics in fields were 2.33±0.36, and the value was determined to be <3 in most fields except for two fields. Food web analysis revealed that 76.3% of soils had worsened physical characteristics and a high C: N ratio. The characteristics of soils in two fields were enriched, and the others were fertile.

Keywords:

Helianthus annuus, nematode community analysis, soil health,

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