Hatice DURAN AKKURT, Galip KAŞKAVALCI, Aydın PEÇEN

Organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’na karşı savaşta solarizasyon ile diğer bazı uygulamaların birlikte kullanım olanakları

Bu çalışma, organik domates üretiminde solarizasyonun tek başına ve yeşil gübre ya da dayanıklı bitkilerle bir arada kullanılmasının Kök-ur nematodları (Meloidogyne spp.)’nın zararını azaltmada etkinliğini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, çalışma 2009 ve 2010 güz üretimlerinde Izmir (Torbalı)’deki serada tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde 10 karakter ve 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemenin materyali, seradaki kök-ur nematodu (Meloidogyne incognita ve Meloidogyne javanica) bireyleri, aşısız ve Beaufort anacı üzerine aşılı Gökçe çeşidi domates bitkileri, Cruciferae (Brassicaceae) familyasından brokoli bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımları ve şeffaf polietilen örtüden oluşmuştur. Uygulamalar; nematodlu pozitif kontrol (1), nematisit (2), nematodlara dayanıklı olduğu bilinen anaç üzerine aşılı fide (3), nematisidal özellikli brokoli bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımları (4), farklı iki sürede (4 veya 8 hafta) solarizasyon (5-6) ve bu iki solarizasyonun aşılı fide veya brokoli ile kombinasyonundan (7-10) oluşmuştur. Sonuçta, her iki yılda sırasıyla en düşük ur skala değeri solarizasyon (8 hafta) (0.00 ve 0.00) ve solarizasyon+brokoli (0.23 ve 0.00) uygulamalarında saptanmıştır. Deneme sonunda topraktaki 2. dönem kök-ur nematodu larva sayıları açısından, en düşük değerler 2009 yılında kısa süreli solarizasyon+brokoli (0.00) ve solarizasyon+brokoli (0.00); 2010 yılında solarizasyon (8 hafta) (0.00) ve solarizasyon+aşılı fide (0.00) uygulamalarında saptanmıştır. En yüksek verim, 2009 yılında kısa süreli solarizasyon+brokoli (9.51 kg/m2); 2010 yılında kısa süreli solarizasyon+aşılı fide (7.80 kg/m2) uygulamalarından sağlanmıştır. Organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde kök-ur nematodlarıyla alternatif savaşta 4 veya 8 haftalık solarizasyonun brokoli veya aşılı fide ile kombine uygulamaları etkili alternatif yöntemler olarak değerlendirilebilir.

Investigations on the effects of solarization and synergic use of some other treatments against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in organic tomato growing

This study was conducted to determine whether or not the soil solarization alone and the combined usage of soil solarization green manure or grafted plants could be beneficial in reducing root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) infection in organic tomato production. With this purposes, this study was conducted during 2009 and 2010 autumn seasons according to randomized block design with four replicates and ten characters in the Izmir (Torbalı) greenhouse. The material of this trial were consisted of the individuals of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica) in greenhouse, tomato plants of cultivar as Gökçe grafted on Beaufort or as ungrafted, epigeous parts of Brassica olerace var. italica L. (Cruciferae) and the transparent polyethylene film. The trial characters were consisted of the positive control (1), nematicide (2), grafted seedlings known as resistant roots stocks against to RKN (3), epigeous parts of broccoli plants which has nematicidal effects (4), soil solarization with two different duration (4-8 weeks) (5-6) and the combination of the broccoli plants or grafted seedlings together with these two soil solarization (7-10). In conclusion, the lowest gall index values were determined in solarization (8 weeks) (0.00 and 0.00) and in solarization+broccoli (0.23 and 0.00), respectively in both years. In terms of the numbers of second stage juvenile of RKN in the soil at the end of trial, the least numbers of were determined in the soils of 4 weeks’ solarization+broccoli (0.00) or 8 weeks’ solarization+broccoli (0.00) in 2009; 8 weeks’ solarization (0.00) or 8 weeks’ solarization+grafted seedlings (0.00) in 2010. The highest yield value was obtained 2 2 from 4 weeks’ solarization+broccoli (9.51 kg/m ) in 2009; 4 weeks’ solarization+grafted seedlings (7.80 kg/m ) in 2009. Finally, 4 or 8 weeks’ solarization with broccoli or grafted seedlings could be suggested as an efficient alternative control strategy against root-knot nematodes in organic tomatoes growing.

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