İncir kurdu Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın yumurta gelişiminin yüksek karbondioksit ve düşük oksijenle engellenmesi

İncir kurdu olarak bilinen Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) isimli zararlıya %85 CO2 + %3 O2 (denge gaz N2) ve %95 CO2 + %1 O2 (denge gaz N2) kompozisyonundaki iki farklı kontrollü atmosferin (KA) uygulanmasıyla yüksek karbondioksitli atmosferlerin yumurta gelişiminde oluşturduğu gecikme 2012-2014 yılları arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Depolanmış Ürün Zararlıları Laboratuvarında yapılan çalışmada incelenmiştir. Ephestia cautella’ nın 1-3 gün-yaşlı yumurtaları 20±1, 25±1 ve 30±1°C sıcaklık ve %65±5 orantılı nem koşullarında her iki KA kompozisyonuna 104 saate kadar varan değişik sürelerde maruz bırakılmıştır. Genel olarak, her iki KA 1-8 gün aralığında yumurta gelişiminde gecikmeye yol açmıştır. Gecikme düşük sıcaklıklarda daha dikkate değer bulunmuştur. Maksimum gecikme 20°C sıcaklıkta %95 CO2 + %1 O2 konsantrasyonuna 88 saat süreyle maruz kalan üç-gün-yaşlı yumurtalarda sekiz gün olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kısa uygulama süresi gelişmede kısa süreli gecikmeye neden olmuştur. Dört saatlik uygulama süresi %95 CO2 + %1 O2 konsantrasyonuna 25°C sıcaklıkta maruz kalan üç-gün-yaşlı yumurtada bir günlük gecikmeye neden olmuştur. Gecikmeyi de içeren yumurta açılımı toplam süresi 30°C de 5 gün, 25°C de 8 gün ve 20°C de 12 gündür. Dolayısıyla KA uygulamalarını başarıyla uygulayabilmek için bu sürelerin dikkate alınması önemlidir.

Inhibition of egg development by hypercarbia and hypoxia in almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Hypercarbia-induced delay in the development of eggs was investigated in almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker, 1863) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), using two controlled atmospheres (CAs), 85% CO2 + 3% O2 (balance N2) and 95% CO2 + 1% O2 (balance N2) between 2012 and 2014 in Stored Products Pests Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Ankara University. Eggs of E. cautella (1-3 day-old) were exposed to both CAs for a wide a range of exposure periods of up to 104 h at three temperatures of 20±1, 25±1 and 30±1°C at 65±5% RH. In general, both CAs caused delay in egg development by 1 to 8 d. Inhibitory effects were more pronounced at lower temperatures. A maximum delay of 8 d was recorded at 20°C for the three-day-old eggs exposed to 95% CO2 plus 1% O2 for 88 h. Short exposure periods caused short term delays in development. Four h exposure caused 1d delay in three-day-old eggs exposed to 95% CO2 plus 1% O2 at 25°C. In practice, total egg hatch including delays lasted 5 d at 30°C, 8 d at 25°C, and 12 d at 20°C, which must be taken into account for successful CAs applications.

Keywords:

Delayed development, egg hatching, Ephestia cautella high carbon dioxide, low oxygen,

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