Determination of the natural mortality factors of Citrus leafminer [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)] in Adana Province, Turkey

Bu çalışmada, Turunçgil Yaprak Galerigüvesi, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın arazi koşullarında doğal ölüm faktörleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma Adana’da bir limon bahçesinde 2007-2008 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bahçede 10 ağaç belirlenmiş, Mayıs-Kasım aylarında haftalık olarak her ağaçtan birer tane olmak üzere tesadüfi toplam 10 sürgün toplanmıştır. Laboratuvarda, sürgünler üzerindeki ilk 15 yaprak binoküler altında kontrol edilmiştir. Zararlının ve parazitoitlerin tüm biyolojik dönemleri, ölü veya zarar görmüş bireyler ile boş galerilerin sayımı yapılmıştır. Predatörlerin beslenme şekillerine ve beslenme simptomlarına göre zararlının ölüm nedenleri kaydedilmiştir. Buna göre 2007 ve 2008 yıllarında sırasıyla, larvaların büyük bir bölümü (% 46.25 ve % 48.12) parazitlenmiş olup her iki yılda da larva parazitoiti Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) en yoğun tür olarak gözlenmiştir. Parazitlenme oranı en yüksek üçüncü dönemdeki larvalarda olmuştur. İlk yıl zararlının %15.33’ü örümcekler, % 10.07’si Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) ve % 3.14’ü de karıncalar tarafından tüketilirken bu oranlar ikinci yıl sırasıyla % 16.61, % 8.57 ve % 3.78 olmuştur. Avlanmada ikinci dönem larvalar diğer dönemlerden daha çok tercih edilmiştir. 2007’de galerilerin % 13.66’sında zararlı saptanmazken, larva ve pupaların % 5.19’unun ölüm nedeni belirlenememiştir. 2008’de bu oranlar sırasıyla % 10.21 ve % 6.87 olmuştur. Zararlının biyolojik mücadelesinde predatörlerinde parazitoitler kadar etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Adana’da Turunçgil yaprak galerigüvesi, [Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)]’nın doğal ölüm faktörlerinin belirlenmesi

In this study, natural mortality factors of Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) were investigated under field conditions. The studies were carried out in a lemon orchard in Adana, Turkey during 2007-2008. Ten trees were selected and weekly one shoot from each tree, and a total of ten shoots, were collected randomly during May-November. In the laboratory, the first 15 leaves were checked using a binocular microscope. All biological stages of the pest and the parasitoids, dead or infected individuals, and empty mines, were counted. According to the method and symptoms of predation, the mortality factors of the pest were recorded. In 2007 and 2008, large numbers of larvae were parasitized (46.25% and 48.12%, respectively). The larval parasitoid Citrostichus phyllocnistoides Narayanan (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) was the abundant species in both years. The third instar of the host had the highest percent of parasitized individuals. In the first year, 15.33% of the pest were consumed by spiders, 10.07% by Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and 3.14% by ants, whereas in the second year these ratios were 16.61%, 8.57% and 3.78%, respectively. Second instar larvae were the most preferred stage for predation. In 2007, in 13.66% of the mines no pests were recorded, whereas the mortality source of 5.19% of the larvae and pupae was not detected. In 2008, these ratios were 10.21% and 6.87%, respectively. It was determined that predators are as effective as the parasitoids in the biological control of the pest.

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