Entomopatojenik fungusların Pamuk Yaprakbiti, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’ye karşı biyolojik mücadele potansiyellerinin araştırılması

Bu çalışmada, Pamuk yaprakbiti Aphis gossypii’ye karşı Antalya ili’nin farklı ilçelerinden 2018-2020 yılları arasında alınan toprak ve enfekteli afid örneklerinden izole edilen entomopatojen fungus türlerinin etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 19 entomopatojen fungus izolatı 1x107 spor/ml konsantrasyonda 9 cm çaplı Petri kaplarında A. gossypii’nin nimf ve erginlerine karşı test edilmiştir. Hedef zararlılara karşı test edilen fungus türleri arasında en patojenik tür, Beauveria bassiana olmuştur. Patojenisite testlerinde inkübasyondan 10 gün sonra A. gossypii erginlerine karşı B. bassiana izolatları için ölüm oranları %63.3-100 arasında değişirken, Cunninghamella echinulata izolatı %43.3, Clonostachys rosea izolatları %40 ve %70, Isaria farinosa izolatları %43.3 ve %63.3 ve Purpureocillium lilacinum izolatları ise %73.3 ve %83.3 oranında ölüme neden olmuştur. Biyolojik mücadelede kullanılan Trichoderma atroviride türüne ait TaAl-1 izolatı %33.3 ölüme neden olurken, T. harzianum türüne ait ThAk-1 izolatı %50.0 ölüme neden olmuştur. Yerli fungal izolatlarla mukayese amacıyla, 250 mL/1lt su dozunda test edilen 3 ticari fungal preparattan Nibortem (a.i.: Verticillium lecanii) uygulamadan 10 gün sonra nimf ve erginlerde sırasıyla %70 ve %56.7, Nostalgist (a.i.: B. bassiana) %56.7 ve %53.3, Priority (a.i.: Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) %50 ve %56.7 ölüme neden olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aphis gossypii, Beauveria bassiana, Pamuk yaprakbiti, Entomopatojenik fungus, Mikrobiyal mücadele

Biocontrol potential of some entomopathogenic fungi against the Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

In this study, the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungal (EPF) species isolated from soil and infected aphid samples taken from different districts of Antalya between 2018-2020 was investigated against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii. For this purpose, 19 entomopathogenic fungal isolates were tested against the nymphs and adults of A. gossypii in 9 cm diameter Petri dishes at a concentration of 1x107 spores/mL. Among the fungal species tested, Beauveria bassiana was the most pathogenic species. In pathogenicity tests, 10 days after incubation, B. bassiana caused 63.3%-100%, Cunninghamella echinulata 43.3%, Clonostachys rosea 40-70%, Isaria farinosa 43.3%-63.3%, and Purpureocillium lilacinum 73.3%-83.3% mortality of A. gossypii adults. The TaAl-1 isolate of Trichoderma atroviride used in biological control caused a mortality of 33.3%, and the ThAk-1 isolate of T. harzianum caused 50.0% mortality. Of the 3 commercial fungal preparations tested at doses of 250 mL/1lt water for comparison with indigenous fungal isolates, Nibortem (a.i.: Verticillium lecanii) caused 70% and 56.7% mortalities in nymphs and adults, respectively, 10 days after treatment, while Nostalgist (a.i.: B. bassiana) and Priority (a.i.: Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) caused 56.7% and 50% nymphal mortality, and 53.3% and 56.7% adult mortality, respectively.

Keywords:

Aphis gossypii, Beauveria bassiana, Cotton aphid, Entomopathogenic fungus, Microbial Control,

PDF

___

Abebe, H. 2002. Potential of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of Macrotermes subhyalinus (Isoptera: Termitidae). Ph.D. thesis, Addis Ababa University, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ethiopia, 161p.
Baki, D. 2021. Antalya’da farklı bölgelerden izole edilen entomopatojen fungusların morfolojik ve moleküler tanısı, Aphis gossypii ve Myzus persicae’ye karşı etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Antalya, 139 s.
Blackman R.L. & V.F. Eastop, 2000. Aphids on The World’s Crops: An identification quide. Second Edition. A Wiley. The Natural History Museum Intenscience Publication, London, England, 414 p.
Castillo L.D., Zhu-Salzman K., Ek-Ramos M.J. & G.A. Sword, 2014. The entomopathogenic fungal endophytes Purpureocillium lilacinum (Formerly Paecilomyces lilacinus) and Beauveria bassiana negatively affect cotton aphid reproduction under both greenhouse and field conditions. PLoS ONE, 9(8): e103891.
Cottier W., 1953. Aphids of New Zealand. Bull. N. Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. no. 106, 382 pp.
Down R.E., Cuthbertson A.G., Mathers J.J. & K.F. Walters, 2009. Dissemination of the entomopathogenic fungi, Lecanicillium longisporum and L.muscarium, by The Predatory Bug, Orius laevigatus, To Provide Concurrent Control of Myzus persicae, Frankliniella occidentalis and Bemisia tabaci. Biological Control, 50(2): 172-178.
Fancelli M., Dias A.B., Delalibera I.J., Cerqueira de Jesus S., Souza do Nascimento A. & S. Oliveira e Silva, 2013. Beauveria bassiana Strains for Biological Control of Cosmopolites sordidus (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Plantain. BioMed Research International, 2013, 184756, 7s.
Gabarty A., Salem H.M., Fouda M.A., Abas A.A. & A.A. Ibrahim, 2014. Pathogencity induced by the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae in Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.). Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 7: 95-100.
Görür G., 2004. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) species on pome fruit trees in Niğde Province of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 28 (1): 21-26.
Güneş Ç. & U. Gözel, 2011. Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki Entomopatojen Nematod Faunasının Belirlenmesi. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 2: 103-118.
Gurulingappa P., Mcgee P.A. & G. Sword, 2011. Endophytic Lecanicillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana reduce the survival and fecundity of Aphis gossypii following contact with conidia and secondary metabolites. Crop Protection, 30: 349-353.
Hansoylu, R.B. 2003. Türkiye topraklarından elde edilen entomopatojen fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balls.) Vuill. suşlarının biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, 98 s.
Herlinda S., Irsan C., Mayasari R. & S. Septariani, 2010. Identification and selection of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for Aphis gossypii from South Sumatra. Microbiology Indonesia, 4: 137-142.
İbrahim L., Hamieh A., Ghanem H. & S.K. Ibrahim, 2011. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi from Lebanese soils against aphids, whitefly and non-target beneficial insects. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3): 156-164.
İzgi Ü. & Ö. Güven, 2016. Kahramanmaraş Başkonuş ormanlık alanlarından izole edilen entomopatojen funguslar. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 54 (3): 201-209.
Jandricic S.E., Filotas M, Sanderson J.P., & S.P. Wraight, 2014. Pathogenicity of conidia-based preparations of entomopathogenic fungi against the greenhouse pest aphids Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, and Aulacorthum solani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 118: 34-46.
Lee W.W., Shin T.Y., Bae S.M. & S.D. Woo, 2015. Screening and evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, using multiple tools. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 18: 607-615.
Mohammed A. & Hatcher, P.E. 2017. Combining entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids to control the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. Biological Control, 110: 44-55.
Mohammed A.A., Kadhim J.H. & Z.N. Kamaluddin, 2018. Selection of highly virulent entomopathogenic fungal isolates to control the greenhouse aphid species in Iraq. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 28: 71.
Murphy G., Ferguson G. & L. Shipp, 2006. Aphids in greenhouse crops. Factsheet. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Canada, pp. 1198-1712.
Remaudiere G. & M. Remaudiere, 1997. Catologue des Aphididae du Monde (Catalogue of the WorldÕs Aphididae) Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Preface Par V.F. Eastop, INRA editions, p. 473.
Sáenz-de-Cabezón F.J. Irigaray V., Marco–Mancebón I. & I. Pérez-Moreno, 2003. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and compatibility with triflumeron: effects on the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Biological Control, 26: 168–173.
Şahin K.G. & İ. Karaca, 2019. Bazı biyoinsektisitlerin Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)’ye etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(2): 582-589.
Von Dohlen C.D. & N.A. Moran, 2000. Molecular data support a rapid radiation of aphids in the Cretaceous and multiple origins of host alternation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71: 689–717.
Vu V.H., Hongb S. & K. Kima, 2007. Selection of entomopathogenic fungi for aphid control. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 104(6): 498-505.
Yeo H., Pell J.K., Alderson P.G., Clark S.J. & B.J. Pye, 2003. Laboratory evaluation of temperature effects on the germination and growth of entomopathogenic fungi and on their pathogenicity to two aphid species. Pest Management Science, 59(2): 156-65.