Entomopatojen Fungus Beauveria bassiana’nın Çam Keseböceği (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams)’nin Farklı Dönemlerine Etkileri

Bu çalışmada yerel olarak izole edilen entomopatojen fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vull. izolatlarının (BMAUM M6-4 ve LD.2016) laboratuvar koşullarında çam keseböceğinin ikinci dönem larvalarına ve BMAUM M6-4 izolatının son dönem larvalarına arazi ve laboratuvar koşullarında etkisi belirlenmiştir. Fungal izolatlar ikinci dönem larvalara 107 konidi/ml konsantrasyonunda çam yapraklarını daldırma ve larvalara direkt püskürtme yöntemleri ile denenmiştir. Son dönem larvalara laboratuvar koşullarında toprak içine fungus uygulaması ve pupa dönemine geçmeden böcek üzerine fungus uygulaması yapılmıştır. Arazi koşullarında çam ağaçlarına kurulan özel tuzaklar sayesinde toplanan son dönem larvalara yine toprak içine ve böcek üzerine entomopatojen fungus sporları uygulamıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, ikinci dönem larvaların entomopatojen fungus izolatlarına karşı oldukça hassas oldukları gözlenmiş ve uygulamadan en geç beş gün sonra %100 fungal enfeksiyonu ile ölüm belirlenmiştir. Beauveria bassiana BMAUM M6-4 izolatı özellikle böcek üzerine fungus uygulamasında üçüncü günde %100 enfeksiyona sebep olduğundan son dönem larvalara sadece bu izolat kullanılmıştır. Son dönem larvaların laboratuvar koşullarında gözlemlenen %100 enfeksiyon değeri, arazi koşullarında toprağa ve böceğe direkt fungus uygulamasında %75 ve %93 olarak belirlenmiştir. Lokal olarak izole edilen B. bassiana izolatı, çam keseböceğinin erken dönem ve son dönem larvalarında enfeksiyona neden olup arazi koşullarında uygulanmasının ümitvar olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Biyolojik mücadele, çam kese böceği, entomopatojen fungus, , Beauveria bassiana

Effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana on different stages of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams)

Abstract: In this study, local isolates (from Isparta) of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vull. (BMAUM M6-4 and LD.2016) and BMAUM M6-4 were tested on second instar and late instar larvae of the pine processionary moth, respectively, under both laboratory and field conditions. The fungal isolates were tested on the second instar larvae at a concentration of 107 conidia/ml by dipping the pine leaves or spraying directly on larvae. For the late instar larvae under laboratory conditions, the fungal isolates were applied to the soil or spraying directly on the insect before the pupal stage. Under field conditions, larvae were collected with a special trap set up on pine trees and the isolates were applied to the soil or sprayed directly on the larvae. The second instar larvae were highly susceptible to the fungal isolates and 100% fungal infection was observed, at the latest, 5 days after application. The Beauveria bassiana BMAUM M6-4 isolate was used only on last instar larvae due to the observation of 100% infection on the third day after fungus application. The 100% infection value observed in the late instar larvae under laboratory conditions was determined as 75% and 93% for the direct fungus application to the soil and the insect under field conditions. In conclusion, local isolates of B. bassiana were determined to cause infection on early and late larval stages of the pine processionary moth. More detailed studies on the effectiveness of this isolate are needed under field conditions.

Keywords:

Biological control, pine processionary moth, entomopathogenic fungus, , Beauveria bassiana,

PDF

___

Abbott W.S. 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265-267.
Alexandre T.M., L.F. Alves, P.M. Neves & S.B., Alves. 2006. Effect of temperature and poultry litter in Beauveria bassiana (bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) virulence against the lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Neotropical Entomology. 35(1):75-82.
Avcı, M., R. Sarı & O. Sarıkaya, 2011. Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni’nin farklı yükseltilerde uçma zamanının feromon tuzaklarla belirlenmesi. Türkiye I. Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, 23-25 Kasım, 334s, Antalya.
Aydın, T., 2016. Entomopatojen Fungus Metarhizium brunneum ve Uçucu Yağların Çam Keseböceği (Thaumetopoea wikinsoni Tams) (Lepıdoptera: Notodontidae)’ne Etkileri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 36s, Isparta.
Battisti, A., M. Bernardi, & C. Ghiraldo, 2000. Predation by the Hoopoe (Upupa epops) on Pupae of Thaumetopoea pityocampa and the Likely Influence on other Natural Enemies. BioControl, 45: 311-323.
Baydar R., Ö. Güven & I. Karaca, 2016. Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi in Agricultural Soils from Isparta Province in Turkey and Their Pathogenicity to Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larvae. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 26 (2), 323-327.
Çanakçıoğlu, H. & T. Mol, 1998. Orman Entomolojisi. Zararlı ve Yararlı Böcekler, I.Ü Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, 975-404-487-2, İstanbul.
Devkota, B. & G.H. Schmidt, 1990. Larval development of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) from Greece as influenced by different host plants under laboratory conditions, Journal of Applied Entomology, 109(4): 321–330.
Draganova, S., D. Takov, D. Pilarska, D. Doychev, P. Mirchev, G. Georgiev, 2013. Fungal pathogens on some Lepidopteran forest pests in Bulgaria. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 65(2): 179-186.
Er, M.K., H. Tunaz & A. Gökçe, 2007. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Thaumatopoeidae) larvae in laboratory conditions. Journal of pest science, 80(4): 235-239.
FAO, 2009. Global review of forest pest and disease. Food and Agriculture Organization
Goettel M.S., J. Eilenberg & T. Glare, 2005. Entomopathogenic fungi and their role in regulation of insect populations. In: Gilbert LI, Iatrou K, Gill SS, editors. Comprehensive molecular insect science. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 361–405 pp.
Goettel, M. S. & G. D. Inglis, 1997. Fungi: Hyphomycetes. In: Lacey, L.A. (Ed.), Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 213–249.
Humber, R. A., 1998. Entomopathogenic Fungal Identification APS/ESA Joint Annual Meeting 8-12 November 1998 Las Vegas, NV.
İnce, İ. A., H. Kati, H. Yılmaz, İ. Demir, &Z. Demirbağ, 2008. Isolation and identification of bacteria from Thaumetopoea pityocampa Den. and Schiff. (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae) and determination of their biocontrol potential. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 24: 3005–3015.
İnce, İ. A., İ. Demir, Z. Demirbag, & R. Nalcacıoğlu, 2007. A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from the pine processionary caterpillar, Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 17: 632–637.
İpekdal K., C. Burban, C. Kerdelhué & S.S. Çağlar, 2015. Distribution of two pine processionary moth species in Turkey evidences a contact zone. Turkish Journal of Zoology. 39: 868-876.
Kati, H., İ. A. Ince, İ. Demir, & Z. Demirbağ 2010. Brevibacterium pityocampae sp. nov., isolated from caterpillars of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera, Thaumetopoeidae). International Journal of Systematic And Evolutionary Microbiology. 60: 312–316.
Lacey L.A. & M.S. Goettel, 1995. Current developments in microbial control of insect pests and prospects for the early 21st century. Entomophaga. 40:3–27.
Marannino, P., C. Santiago-Álvarez, E. de Lillo & E. Quesada-Moraga, 2006. A new bioassay method reveals pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana against early stages of Capnodis tenebrionis (Coleoptera; Buprestidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 93(3): 210-213.
Montoya, R. 1988. An example of pheromone application: the pine processionary moth. In:[Biorational insecticides. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
Mueller, G. M., & J. P. Schmit, 2007. Fungal biodiversity: what do we know? what can we predict? Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(1):1-5.
Onaran, M.A., & M. Katı, 2010. Çam keseböceği (Thaumetopoeo pityocampa Shiff) ile biyolojik mücadele. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 12(2): 21-27.
Quesada-Moraga E., A. Ruiz-García & C. Santiago-Alvarez, 2006. Laboratory evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae against puparia and adults of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Economic Entomology. 99(6):1955-66.
Robredo, F. & E. Obama, 1991. Efficacy trials with cypermethrin and deltamethrin against Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.)]. Informe para el Registro Oficial de Productos y Material Fitosanitario. Archivos de la Subdirección General de Sanidad Vegetal, Madrid, Spain.
Robredo, F. 1980. Extensive treatments with diflubenzuron against the pine processionary caterpillar in Spain. Boletín del Servicio de Defensa contra Plagas e Inspección Fitopatológica, 6: 141-154
Salvato P., A. Battisti, S. Concato, L. Masutti, T. Patarnello & L. Zane, 2002. Genetic differentiation in the winter pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa – wilkinsoni complex), inferred by AFLP and mitochondrial DNA markers. Molecular Ecology, 11: 2435– 2444.
Seema, Y., T.Neeraj & K. Krishan, 2013. Mass Production of Entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae using rice as a substrate by Diphasic Liquid-Solid Fermentation Technique. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. 3(3): 331-335.
Sevim, A., I. Demir & Z. Demirbağ, 2010. Molecular characterization and virulence of Beauveria spp. from the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae). Mycopathologia, 170(4): 269-277.
Simonato, M., Z. Mendel, C. Kerdelhué, J. Rousselet, E. Magnoux, P. Salvato, A Roques, A. Battisti & L. Zane, 2007. Phylogeography of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni in the Near East. Molecular Ecology 16: 2273–2283.
Sönmez, E., I. Demir, J.C. Bull, T.M. Butt & Z. Demirbağ, 2017. Pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae) larvae are highly susceptible to the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana. Biocontrol Science and Technology 27: 1168-1169.
Şahin, H., 2006. Çam kese tırtılı (Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den&Schiff)) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae)’na karşı farklı entomopatojen fungus izolatlarının etkinliklerinin araştırılması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 23s, Kahramanmaraş.
Vargas-Osuna, E., M. J. Ledesma, H. K. Aldebis & C. Santiago- Alvarez, 1994. Pathogens and parasitoids for the control of Thaumetopoea pityocampa (D. y Schiff) (Lep. Notodontidae). Bol Sanid Veg Plagas. 20:511–5.
Vega, J.M. I. Moneo, A. Armentia, A. Fernández, J. Vega, R. De La Fuente, P. Sánchez & M.E. Sanchís, 1999. Allergy to the pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 29:1418–1423. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00626.x