The Effect of Internationalization on Firm Performance Based on Cross-Cultural Diversity

Firms have become more international with the globalization trend of the 21th century. The concepts of globalization and internationalization bring along many debates on the topic. Firms’ internationalization and performance relationship gained significance with the concepts of cultural diversity. Different disciplines carry out studies on the effects of globalization and internationalization such as industrial and organizational psychology, industrial social work, industrial economics. Studies generally focus on internationalization and /or globalization process and the impact of the process on firm performance. This article has focused on the firm’s internationalization trend and performance relationship based on cross-cultural diversity under the spotlight of industrial and organizational psychology. In the study, 'firms' performance and internationalization, cross-cultural diversity in firms, cross-cultural diversity and internationalization on firm performance, perspectives of industrial and organizational psychology on cross-cultural diversity and performance' titles are included. In the literature, there has no found yet directional or stable results between internationalization and firm’s performance in order that additionally the subject of the effects of cross-cultural diversity on firm’s performance has taken into consideration. According to the studies, it is stated that there is a positive, negative, U-shaped relationship, an inverse U-shaped relationship, an S-shaped relationship and a non-significant directional relationship between internationalization and performance. According to academic literature, the effect of internationalization trend and firm’s performance relationship is relatively in a continuum across time and context due to various intervening factors especially, some of these various intervening factors are company’s quality and its internationalization strategy from the perspective of industrial and organizational psychology in the literature. As a result of this study, it was emphasized that industrial / organizational psychology should be examined together with the concept of intercultural diversity in terms of performance and other variables in line with the literature reviews based on theory and research. In this sense, it is thought that the study will shed light on future studies in the field.

Kültürlerarası Çeşitliliğe Dayalı Uluslararasılaşmanın Firma Performansına Etkisi

Firmalar 21. yüzyılın küreselleşme eğilimi ile birlikte daha uluslararası hale gelmiştir. Küreselleşme ve uluslararasılaşma kavramları alana dair pek çok tartışmayı da beraberinde getirmektedir. Firmaların uluslararasılaşması ve performans ilişkisi, kültürel çeşitlilik kavramları ile önem kazanmıştır. Endüstriyel ve örgütsel psikoloji, endüstriyel sosyal hizmet, çalışma ekonomisi gibi farklı disiplinler küreselleşme ile uluslararasılaşmanın etkilerine ilişkin çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Çalışmalar genellikle uluslararasılaşma ve/veya küreselleşme süreci, sürecin firma performansına etkisi konuları üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu makale, firmaların uluslararasılaşması eğilimi ve kültürlerarası çeşitliliğe dayanan performans ilişkisine endüstriyel-örgütsel psikoloji odağında yaklaşmaktadır. Çalışmada ‘firma performası ve uluslararasılaşma, firmalarda kültürlerarası çeşitlilik, firma performansında kültürlerarası çeşitlilik ve uluslararasılaşma, kültürlerarası çeşitlilik ve performans konusunda endüstriyel ve örgütsel psikolojisine yönelik görüşler’ başlıklarına yer verilmiştir. Literatüre göre, kültürlerarası çeşitliliğin firmaların performansı üzerindeki etkilerini göz önünde bulunduran uluslararasılaşma ile firma performansı arasında henüz doğrudan veya sabit bir ilişkiden söz edilmediği görülmektedir. Çalışmalara göre, uluslararasılaşma ile performans arasında; pozitif, negatif, U biçimli ilişki, ters U şeklinde bir ilişki, S-şekilli bir ilişki ve anlamlı olmayan yönlü bir ilişki olduğu ifade edilmektedir. Alana dair gerçekleştirilen akademik çalışmalar ışığında, uluslararasılaşma eğiliminin ve firmanın performans ilişkisinin etkisi, zaman ve bağlamsal anlamda çeşitli müdahale edici faktörler nedeniyle göreceli olarak süreklilik göstermektedir. Özellikle, bu çeşitli müdahale edici faktörlerin bazıları, literatürdeki endüstriyel ve örgütsel psikoloji perspektifinden şirketin kalitesi ve uluslararasılaşma stratejisidir. Bu çalışma sonucunda, yapılan okumalar ile teori ve araştırmaya dayanan literatür incelemeleri doğrultusunda endüstriyel/örgütsel psikolojinin gerek performans gerekse de diğer değişkenler anlamında organizasyonları odağa alan araştırmalar açısından kültürlerarası çeşitlilik kavramı ile birlikte incelenmesinin gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Bu anlamda çalışmanın gelecekte alanda yapılacak ileri çalışmalara ışık tutacağı düşünülmektedir.

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ISSN: 2667-5617
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ