Uygarlık tarihi göz önüne alındığında toplumlar arasında kültürel alış-verişin durmaksızın devam ettiği görülür. Bu durum, tüm insanlık adına binlerce yıllık sosyal, siyasal ve kültürel açıdan birikimlerin nesilden nesile aktarılmasına yardımcı oldu. Bu birikimleri devralan toplumlar da üzerine yeni bir şeyler koyarak gelişimin sürdürülmesine yönelik katkı sağladılar. Böylesine bir ilişki söz konusuyken karşımıza çok güzel bir örnek çıkmaktadır. İnsan hayatı ve sağlığı gibi önemli bir çalışma sahası olan Tıp biliminin Orta Çağ'da Akdeniz havzası içerisinde önemli bir merkezi durumunda bulunan ve yukarıda kısaca değindiğimiz uygarlık tarihinin kutsal görevlerinden birini yerine getiren Salerno'daki Tıp Okulu, bu konuda çok özel bir yere sahiptir. İtalya topraklarında bulunan Salerno'daki Tıp Okulu'nu sadece Orta Çağ'da Tıp eğitimi verilen veya hastaları tedavi etme amacını taşıyan bir kurum olarak görürsek bu kuruma haksızlık etmiş oluruz. Çünkü Salerno'daki Tıp Okulu, bu kutsal görevlerinin yanı sıra Doğu ile Batı arasında bilimsel ve kültürel açıdan köprü olma özelliğini de taşımaktaydı. Tüm bunlara ilave olarak yalnız Orta Çağ Avrupa'sının değil Avrupa'nın Yeni ve Yakın çağlarını dahi etkileyecek bir bilim deryasıydı. Salerno Tıp Okulu'nun kuruluşu Orta Çağ'da Doğu ve Batı medeniyetlerinin karşılıklı etkileşimine verilebilecek örneklerden biridir. Rivayetlere göre bu okulun kuruluşunda Müslüman, Hıristiyan ve Yahudi bilim insanları biraya gelmişler ve beraber çalışma kararı almışlardı. Dolasıyla Okulun kuruluşunda dahi başta İslam medeniyeti olmak üzere Doğunun kültürel ve bilimsel birikiminin katkısı vardır. Salerno Tıp Okulu'nun en önemli isimlerinden biri şüphesiz Afrikalı Constantine idi. Aslen bir kuzey Afrikalı olan Constantine, çalışmaları ile bu okulun gelişimine önemli katkı yapmıştır. Ayrıca onun yapmış olduğu çalışmalar Orta Çağ Avrupa Tıp bilimine yeni bakış açıları kazandırmıştır. Güney İtalya ve Sicilya'daki idareciler onun Tıp çalışmaları açısından önemli bir kişi olduğunu kavramışlar ve onu Salerno Tıp Okulu'nda çalışmak için teşvik etmişlerdir. Yine bu okulda Orta Çağ Avrupa'sında eşine az rastlanır bir durum daha vardır. Bu durum Salerno Tıp Okulu'ndaki kadın hekimlerdir. Orta Çağ'ın karanlık zamanlarında Kadın hekimlerin bu okulda bulunuyor olması oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Hatta bu kadın Hekimler, Tıp alanında eserler dahi yazmışlardı

When the history of civilization is considered, it is seen that there is an ongoing transaction between cultures. This has helped humanity to transfer social, political and cultural erudition from generation to generation. The generations which received this erudition, have provided to keep development go on by adding new things on it. In this manner we come across really beautiful examples. The medical school in Salerno which was in a significant field about the life and health of humankind at the basin of Mediterranean as a center of medical sciences and performs the sacred mission of civilization history that we just mentioned has an important place at this subject. It would be unfair if we evaluate Salerno Medical School that has been in the land of Italy, as a medieval medical institution which gives a medical education or medical cure. Because the Salerno Medical School besides performing its sacred mission it has a feature to be a cultural and scientific bridge between east and west. In addition to all of this it was a science ocean which effects not only Medieval Europe but also contemporary and modern ages. This improvement that was shown by Salerno Medical School was not a coincidence. Particularly at this time we know the Civilization of Islam reached its peak point. The Civilization of Islam took the territory of Mediterranean under its effect both political and cultural. This effect was felt on every single field. It was impossible the Salerno Medical School would not be affected from this influence. Thereby the addition of Islamic Medicine in the development of the Salerno Medical School is at non ignorable level. The establishment of the Medical School of Salerno was one of the examples about the mutually interacting East and West Civilizations. According to rumors; Muslim, Christian and Jewish Scientists had come together and taken a decision to study while the school was being founded. Whereat there was contribution of firstly Islamic Civilization and culture and scientific knowledge of East for founding of the school. Constantine the African was the one of the most important persons who has served in that school. Constantine was an African who made a very important contribution to the evolution of the school. The studies which was done by him have given to Medieval European Medicine a new viewpoint. The rulers in the South Italy and Sicily had realized that he was a very important scientist and encouraged him to study at Salerno Medical School. In addition there was extreme instance at the medical school of Salerno. That extreme instance was the women doctors who were serving at the school. It was remarkable that the women doctors Orta Çağ Avrupa’sının Tıp Merkezi: Salerno Tıp Okulu 399 Turkish Studies International Periodical For the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 10/5 Spring 2015 were serving at the school in the dark times of medieval ages. These women doctors had written many books about medicine. There was a well-grounded tradition that was provided by monks at Monte Cassino about medical teaching. It is generally conceded that the Benedictines had much to do with the foundation of Salerno. In the convents for women as well as the monasteries for men serious attention was given to medicine. Women studied medicine and were professors in the medical department of Salerno. At all times the Jews have been distinguished for their knowledge of medicine, and all during the Middle Ages they are to be found prominent as physicians. They were among the teachers of the Arabs in the East and of the Moors in Spain. They were probably among the first professors at Salerno as well as at Montpellier. Many prominent rulers and ecclesiastics selected Jewish physicians. Some of these made distinct contributions to medicine, and a number of them deserve a place in any account of medicine in the making during the Middle Ages. In the 12th and 13th centuries, many of the medicine books as books of Ibn Sina and others were translated from Arabic to Latin and so, data about medicine was transferred to the West. The science of medicine in the West didn’t develop as in the East in the middle ages. Only there was a progressing about merge with astrology. However, in the 12th century, the texts of Islamic medicine came to the West, so all things changed in the West world. The most important influence was seen in the Bologna University in Italy. In the middle ages, the science of medicine in the Islamic World was transferred to the West. We can say that there is Islamic medicine in the basic of the medicine in the period of Renaissance. The thought of medicine in the East gave inspiration to the West. Science and civilization develop with interaction among cultures. It is impossible that science and civilization develop unless there is interaction. It mustn’t forget that phenomenon of science and civilizations formed with different thoughts. In this paper we studied to evaluate the science of medicine and the interaction period in the European Middle Ages.