ÂŞIK VEYSEL’İN ŞİİRLERİNDE TOPRAK ANA

Asıl adı Veysel Şatıroğlu olan Âşık Veysel , şiirlerinde evrensel anlamda insanı ve insanın problemlerini dile getirir. Tabiat, vatan sevgisi, gurbet, kardeşlik, millî birlik ve beraberlik vb. gibi pek çok konuda şiirler yazan Âşık Veysel'in en çok üzerinde durduğu temalardan birisi topraktır. Gözleri görmeyen ama gönül gözüyle hayatı anlamlandıran Âşık Veysel, âdeta hayatını toprağa adamıştır. Bu yüzden şiirlerinde toprağa/toprak anaya ayrı bir anlam yükler. O, ömrünün her aşamasında toprağın türküsünü yakmış ve toprağı, insanoğlunun düşünce, söylem ve eyleme dayalı faaliyetlerinin barınağı olarak görmüştür. Âşık Veysel'in şiirlerinde toprak insanoğlunu, sürekli olarak kaçtığı gerçekliklere bir davet gibidir. Çünkü toprak, yeniden doğumun, kök salmanın, değişim ve dönüşümün mitolojik mekânıdır. Âşık Veysel'in amacı, insanoğlunun ontolojik anlamda toprak üzerine kurduğu dünyayı ve kendini algılama felsefesini dilden ve telden anlatmaya çalışmaktır. Toprak, doğumdan ölüme her daim yanımızda olup bütün canlıları besleyen, koruyan, dönüştüren bir ana gibidir. Toprağı kazarak işleyen her insan, bir anlamda doğaya hükmederek kendi bilincini, insanlık tarihiyle buluşturur. Çünkü o, yaşanmış yüzyıllık tarihî ve kültürel mirasın tanığıdır. Âşık Veysel'in toprağı, üzerinde yeryüzü cenneti kurmayı hayal ettiği bir kutsallığa sahiptir. Âşık Veysel, toprak temi merkezinde var olduğumuz bu dünyada değerleri korumak, aslımızın toprak olduğunu, özümüze döneceğimizi, toprak ananın evlatları olarak birlik ve beraberlik sevgisini unutmamamızı bizlere aşılamak ister. Âşık Veysel'in şiirlerinde ele aldığı "toprak maddelendirebiliriz: ana" merkezli konuları, şu alt başlıklar halinde ç. İnsanın özü, değişim ve dönüşüm süreci olarak toprak ana d. Alın teri/helal kazanç mekânı olarak toprak ana Şiirlerinde toprağın tasavvufi ve mitolojik boyutunu ele alarak onun dilinden insanoğluna seslenen Âşık Veysel, toprağa çeşitli sembolik anlamlar yüklemiştir. Âşık Veysel'in şiirlerinden hareketle onun, toprağa yüklediği anlamlar ve insanlığa vermek istediği mesajlar hermeneutik açıdan değerlendirilmiştir. Tespit ettiğimiz toprak konulu şiirlerinde Âşık Veysel, temel anlamda toprağın analık fonksiyonuna, şifa dağıtan yönüne, insanın toprağa dönüşüyle yeni bir başlangıcın eşiğine geleceğine ve helal kazancın önemine değinmiş olup, amacı evrensel anlamda insanlığı uyanışa/farkındalığa davet etmek, birlik ve beraberlik duygularını ruhlarımızda ölümsüzleştirebilmektir

MOTHER EARTH IN ÂŞIK VEYSEL’S POETS

Âşık (poet-singer) Veysel, whose real name is Veysel Şatıroğlu , relates human beings and their problems in his poets in universal sense. Âşık Veysel wrote poets about many issues such as the nature, affection for homeland, homesickness, fraternity, national unity and solidarity, and earth is one his most favorite themes. Âşık Veysel was blind, but added meaning to life through his heart and he virtually devoted his life to the earth. He, therefore, ascribes a different meaning to the earth/mother earth in his poems. He sang folk songs about the earth at each phase of his life and regarded the earth as a shelter for human activities based on thoughts, narratives, and actions. In Âşık Veysel's poets, the earth virtually invites people to facts that they always avoid because the earth is the mythological space for rebirth, taking roots, change, and transformation. Âşık Veysel's objective was to relate the world that mankind built on the earth in the ontological sense and their philosophy of self-perception through words and melodies. The earth is always with us from birth to death and it is like a mother who nurtures, protects, and transforms all living creatures. Every person cultivating land, in a sense, dominates the nature and introduces his or her own awareness to history of mankind because he or she bears witness to the centuries-old historical and cultural heritage. Aşık Veysel's earth has a sacredness on which he dreamt of building heaven on the Earth. Âşık Veysel attempts to tell us that we should preserve values in this world where we exist based on the theme of soil; we will return to our origins, and that we should not forget unity, solidarity, and affection as the children of the mother earth. We can itemize topics centering on "mother earth" that Aşık Veysel mentions in his poets under the following sub-headings: a. Mother earth as a loyal lover and friend b. Generous mother earth as the source of life, abundance, and fertility c. Mother earth covering / concealing as the healer ç. Mother earth as the origin of mankind and process of change and transformation d. Mother earth as the place of toiling and deserved income. Focusing on the sufic and mythological aspects of the earth and appealing to mankind by using its language, Âşık Veysel ascribed different symbolic meanings to the earth. Meanings ascribed by Âşık Veysel to the earth in his poems and messages that he wanted to convey to mankind were analyzed from hermeneutic perspective. In his poems about the earth that we have found out, Âşık Veysel basically touches upon the motherhood function of the earth and its healing aspects while emphasizing that mankind will reach the threshold of a new beginning when they return to the earth and the importance of deserved income. His purpose was to invite the humanity to awakening / awareness in the universal sense and to make sure that the feelings of unity and solidarity last permanently in our souls Âşık (poet-singer) Veysel, whose real name is Veysel Şatıroğlu (1894-1973), relates human beings and their problems in his poets in universal sense. Âşık Veysel wrote poets about many issues such as the nature, affection for homeland, homesickness, fraternity, national unity and solidarity, and earth is one his most favorite themes. Âşık Veysel was blind, but added meaning to life through his heart and he virtually devoted his life to the earth. He, therefore, ascribes a different meaning to the earth / mother earth in his poems. He sang folk songs about the earth at each phase of his life and regarded the earth as a shelter for human activities based on thoughts, narratives, and actions. In Âşık Veysel's poets, the earth virtually invites people to facts that they always avoid because the earth is the mythological space for rebirth, taking roots, change, and transformation. Âşık Veysel's objective was to relate the world that mankind built on the earth in the ontological sense and their philosophy of selfperception through words and melodies. Âşık (Turkish popular poetsinger) Veysel's poets, which give a meaning to Mother Earth, were analyzed and assessed from hermeneutic perspective. Hermeneutic is the theory of interpreting any expression, meaning, text, or artistic work. Âşık Veysel's perspective of the earth, its importance for his life, different symbolic meanings of the earth, and educative messages were analyzed by means of the assessment and the sacredness of the earth for human life was outlined. The earth is always with us from birth to death and it is like a mother who nurtures, protects, and transforms all living creatures. Every person cultivating land, in a sense, dominates the nature and introduces his or her own awareness to history of mankind because he or she bears witness to the centuries-old historical and cultural heritage. Âşık Veysel's earth has a sacredness on which he dreamt of building heaven on the Earth. Everyone who has "come to this world in order to be a human being" finds solace by growing up and patiently working in the arms of the nature. Otherwise, Mother Earth turns its fertile lands into a barren, arid, and unlivable desert if her sons and sisters have broken her heart. The earth, which gives beauty and meaning to everything that she touches, responds to every bitter/pleasant word uttered by her sons and daughters with thousands of prayers. Each look at the earth is a mother's appeal to her son or daughter "to return to his or her origins" and sacred touches that protect and safeguard us. Earth/mud has important functions at every phase of our life from birth to death. People traditionally use earth to heal newborns who are sick, weak or have a swollen face or eye; to eliminate pain; to heal wounds and bee sting by turning it into mud; to stop bleeding; to heal trees which have a damaged stem or have been grafted; to eliminate negative electricity, among others. An eternal bond has been established between the earth, the source of healing, and human beings. Serving as the place of rebirth of human beings who have passed away, the earth embraced mankind like a mother. Physical as well as mental illnesses can be healed by imitating the earth. As a healing hand dating back to mythical times, can be even more beneficial and fertile so long as it is suppressed like the cravings of the flesh. Suppressing the cravings of the flesh is a prerequisite for being an ideal human being and leaving behind an eternal work. From Âşık Veysel's standpoint, meeting the soil means returning to absolute world and achieving an ultimate union. Human beings are the conscience of the universe. Marginalized and disconnected from their origin, human beings can only find a solution to their problems by turning their face to the earth. "Turning one's face to the earth" means suppressing the cravings of the flesh and remembering one's loneliness and helplessness. Smelling like earth, death is the starting point of a new beginning and birth of a difficult journey characterized by patience. Thus, Âşık Veysel stated in his will that he wanted to be buried in the same place where his mother had given birth to him when accompanying sheep to the village. Âşık Veysel's desire to be buried at the same place where he was borne is identical to be buried in one's homeland and represents a mystic awakening of the aspiration to return to one's homeland. Âşık Veysel says that he would be rid of all unpleasant things upon death and hostilities would turn into friendships. This change and transformation is the victory of the spirit which has been liberated after ridding itself of substance upon the death of a body embraced by the earth. A field which is cultivated by sowing seeds and the earth which is a passive and inseminated female object represent a sacred place which continues to exist based on the nature's own laws and ensures its continuity through regeneration and recreates the life. Âşık Veysel says that the earth which experiences its mythological birth through the contribution of mankind who till, cultivate, and harvest and toil is revived. Thus, he points out that it is very generous as the source of eternal fertility and rewards time and efforts spent for its sake. People who work hard want to turn their world into haven. Earth not cultivated and crops not harvested virtually turn into marginalized communities. People who cultivate the earth turn chaos into an order. Every time they cultivate the earth, they revive it and virtually cultivates they inner world through their hard work. Âşık Veysel attempts to tell us that we should preserve values in this world where we exist based on the theme of soil; we will return to our origins, and that we should not forget unity, solidarity, and affection as the children of the mother earth. We can itemize topics centering on "mother earth" that Âşık Veysel mentions in his poets under the following sub-headings: a. Mother earth as a loyal lover and friend b. Generous mother earth as the source of life, abundance, and fertility c. Mother earth covering / concealing as the healer ç. Mother earth as the origin of mankind and process of change and transformation d. Mother earth as the place of toiling and deserved income. Focusing on the sufic and mythological aspects of the earth and appealing to mankind by using its language, Âşık Veysel ascribed different symbolic meanings to the earth. Meanings ascribed by Âşık Veysel to the earth in his poems and messages that he wanted to convey to mankind were analyzed from hermeneutic perspective. In his poems about the earth that we have found out, Âşık Veysel basically touches upon the motherhood function of the earth and its healing aspects while emphasizing that mankind will reach the threshold of a new beginning when they return to the earth and the importance of deserved income. His purpose was to invite the humanity to awakening / awareness in the universal sense and to make sure that the feelings of unity and solidarity last permanently in our souls

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