Türkiye, Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin dört farklı lokalitesinden toplanan Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) midyesinin fosfolipit ve nötral lipit yağ asiti kompozisyonunun karşılaştırılması

Çalışmada, Çağçağ Irmağı (Nusaybin - Mardin), Fabrika Çayı (Çınar - Diyarbakır), Dicle Nehri (Sadi Köprüsü - Diyarbakır) ve Kırkçeşme (Sultanköy - Mardin) kaynak su akıntısı gibi 4 farklı lokaliteden toplanan tatlısu midyesi Unio elongatulus’un fosfolipit ve nötral lipit yağ asidi içeriği kalitatif ve kantitatif olarak araştırıldı ve karşılaştırıldı. Midyenin, fosfolipit ve nötral lipitleri ince tabaka kromatografi (TLC) ile fraksiyonlandı. Yağ asidi analizleri gaz kromatografi (GC) ve gaz kromatografi - kütle spektrometre cihazları (GC-MS) ile yapıldı. Yüzde dağılımda hem fosfolipitte hem de nötral lipitte C16:0 (% 17,20-% 22,17), C16:1ω7 (% 9,21-% 15,31), C18:1ω9 (% 12,21-% 23,12), C18:2ω6 (% 12,12-% 16,10) ve C20:4ω6 (% 5,86-% 13,10) asitler major yağ asitleri olarak tespit edildi. Fosfolipit fraksiyonlarında eikosanoidlerin öncül maddesi olan C20:4ω6 asidin yüzde oranı daha yüksek saptandı. Nötral lipit fraksiyonlarında ΣTDYA (total tekli doymamış yağ asidi) oranı, ΣÇDYA (total çoklu doymamış yağ asidi) ve ΣDYA (total doymuş yağ asidi) oranlarından daha yüksek bulundu. Fosfolipit fraksiyonlarında ise ΣÇDYA oranı, ΣDYA ve ΣTDYA oranlarından daha yüksek saptandı. Tatlısu midyelerine özgü olduğu gibi, Σω6/Σω3 değeri tüm lipit fraksiyonlarında yüksek bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yağ asitleri, Unio elongatulus, tatlısu midyesi, Güneydoğu Anadolu

A comparison of the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and neutral lipid of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) mussels from 4 different localities in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey

The quantitative and qualitative fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and neutral lipid were investigated and compared for specimens of the freshwater mussel Unio elongatulus. Samples were collected from 4 different localities in Turkey: Çağçağ Brook in Nusaybin (Mardin), Fabrika Brook in Çınar (Diyarbakır), the Tigris River under the Sadi Bridge (Diyarbakır), and Kırkçeşme Spring in Sultanköy (Mardin). Phospholipids and neutral lipids of the mussels' whole tissues were fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fatty acid analyses were done by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, C16:0 (17.20%-22.17%), C16:1w7 (9.21%-15.31%), C18:1w 9 (12.21%-23.12%), C18:2w 6 (12.12%-16.10%), and C20:4w 6 (5.86%-13.10%) acids were found to predominate. The percentage of C20:4w 6 acid, a precursor of eicosanoids, was shown to be high in the phospholipid fractions. In the neutral lipids, total monounsaturated fatty acids (SMUFA) levels were determined to be higher than total saturated fatty acids (SSFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (SPUFA) levels. In the phospholipid total, however, SPUFA levels were noted to be higher than SMUFA and SSFA levels. As is characteristic of freshwater mussels, Sw 6/Sw 3 ratios were found to be high in all lipid fractions.

Keywords:

Key words: Fatty acids, Unio elongatulus, freshwater mussel, southeastern Anatolia,

PDF

___

Abad, M., Ruiz, C., Martinez, D., Mosquera, G. and Sanchez, J.L. 1995. Seasonal variation of lipid classes and fatty acids in fl at oyster, Ostrea edulis, from San Cibrian (Galicia, Spain). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 110C (2): 109-118.
Ackman, R.G., Tocher, C.S. and McLachlan, J. 1968. Marine phytoplankter fatty acids. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 25: 1603- 1620.
Ackman, R.G. and Hooper, S.N. 1973. Non-methylene-interrupted fatty acids in lipids of shallow water marine invertebrates: a comparison of two molluscs with the sand shrimp. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 46B: 153-165.
Ackman, R.G., McLeod, C., Rakshit, S. and Misra, K.K. 2002. Lipids and fatty acids of fi ve freshwater food fi shes of India. J. Food Lipids. 9: 127-145.
Alkanani, T., Parrish, C.C., Th ompson, R.J. and McKenzie, C.H. 2007. Role of fatty acids in cultured mussels, Mytilus edulis, grown in Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 48: 33-45.
Bashan, M., Akbas, H. and Yurdakoc, K. 2002. Phospholipid and triacylglycerol fatty acid composition of major life stages of sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 132B: 375.
Bligh, E.G. and Dyer, W.J.A. 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purifi cation. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911- 917.
Caers, M., Coutteau, P., Lombeida, P. and Sorgeloos, P. 1998. Th e eff ect of lipid supplementation on growth and fatty acid composition of Tapes philippinarum spat. Aquaculture. 162: 287-299.
Caers, M., Coutteau, P., Sorgeloos, P. and Gajardo, G. 2003. Impact of algal diets and emulsions on the fatty acid composition and content of selected tissues of adult broodstock of Chilean scallop Argopecten pupuratus (Lamarck, 1819). Aquaculture. 217: 437-452.
Cotroneo, A., Ziino, M., Alfa M., Salvo, F. and Dogo, G. 1980. Scarti di pesca nell’alimentazione di Penaeus kerathurus - Nota IV. Atti Soc. Peloritana di Scienze Fisiche. Matem. e Naturali. 26: 151-160.
De Moreno, J.E., Moreno, V.J. and Brenner, R.R. 1977. Lipids metabolism of the yellow clam, Mesodesma mactroides: 3-saturated fatty acids and acetate metabolism. Lipids. 12: 804- 808.
De Moreno, J.E.A., Pollero, R.J., Moreno, V.J. and Brenner, R.R. 1980. Lipids and fatty acids of the mussel (Mytilus platensis d’Orbigny) from South Atlantic waters. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 48: 263-276.
Dembitsky, V.M, Kashin, A.G. and Stefanow, K. 1992. Comparative investigation of phospholipids and fatty acids of freshwater molluscs from Volga River Basin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102B: 193-198.
Dembitsky, V.M., Rezanka, T. and Kashin, A.G. 1993a. Fatty acid and phospholipids composition of freshwater molluscs Anadonta piscinalis and Limnaea fragilis from the River Volga. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 105B, 3(4): 597-601.
Dembitsky, V.M., Rezanka, T. and Kashin, A.G. 1993b. Comparative study of the endemic freshwater fauna of Lake Baikal-Ι. Phospholipids and fatty acid composition of two mollusc species, Baicalia oviformis and Benedictia baicalensis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106B (4): 819-823.
Deshimaru, O., Kuroki, K. and Yone, Y. 1979. Th e compositions and level of dietary lipid appropriate for growth of Prawn. Bull. Japanese Soc. Sci. Fish. 45: 591-594.
Dietz, T. H. and Graves, S. Y. 1981. Sodium infl ux in isolated gills of the freshwater mussel, Ligumia subrostrata. J. Comp. Physiol. 143: 185-190.
Ekin, İ., Başhan, M. and Şeşen, R. 2008. Fatty acid composition of Dreissena siouffi (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) collected from the Fırat River. Science and Eng. J. of Fırat Univ. 20(2): 243-250.
Ekin, İ. and Başhan, M. 2010. Fatty acid composition of selected tissues of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) collected from Tigris River, Turkey. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 10: 445-451.
Ekman, S. 1953. Zoogeography of the Sea, Plenum Press, London.
Fried, B., Rao, K.S., Sherma, J. and Huff man, J.E. 1993. Fatty acid composition of Goniobasis virginica, Physa sp. and Viviparus malleatus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Lake Musconetcong, New Jersey. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 21(8): 809-812.
Gardner, D. and Riley, J.P. 1972. Th e components fatty acids of the lipids of some species of marine and freshwater molluscs. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 52: 827-838.
Go, J.V., Rezanka, T., Srebnik, M. and Dembitsky, V.M. 2002. Variability of fatty acid component of marine and freshwater gastropod species from the littoral zone of the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Sea of Galilee. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 819-835.
Hagar, A.F. and Dietz, T.H. 1986. Seasonal changes in the lipid composition of gill tissue from the freshwater mussel Carunculina texasensis. Physiol. Zool. 59(4): 419-428.
Isay, V.S. and Busarova, N.G. 1984. Study on fatty acids composition of marine organisms–I. Unsaturated fatty acids of Japan Sea invertebrates. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 77B (4): 803-810.
Irazu, C.E., Pollero, R.J. and Brenner, R.R. 1984. Occurrence of a 22:2 nonmethylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids and its seasonal distribution among lipids and tissues of the freshwater bivalve Diplodon delodontus from an isolated environment. Lipids. 19: 649-655.
Johns, R.B., Nichols, P.D. and Perry, G.J. 1979. Fatty acid composition of ten marine algae from Australian waters. Phytochemistry. 18: 799-802.
Johns, R.B., Nichols, P.D. and Perry, G.J. 1980. Fatty acid components of nine species of molluscs of the littoral zone from Australian waters. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 65B: 207-214.
Joseph, J.D. 1982. Lipid composition of marine and estuarine invertebrates. Part II: Mollusca. Progr. Lipid Res. 21: 109-153.
Kaitaranta, J.K., Linko, R.R. and Voulera, R. 1986. Lipids and fatty acids in plankton from the Finnish coastal waters of Baltic Sea. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 85B: 427-433.
Kharlamenko, V.I., Zhukova, N.V., Khotimchenko, S.V., Svetashev, V.I. and Kamenev, G. M. 1995. Fatty acids as markers of food sources in a shallow water hydrothermal ecosystem (Kraternaya Bight,Yankich Island, Kurile Islands). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 120: 231-241.
Klingensmith, S.J. and Stillway, W.L. 1982. Lipid composition of selected tissues of hardshell clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 71B: 111-112.
Kunigelis, S.C. and Saleuddin, A.S.M. 1986. Reproduction in the freshwater gastropod, Helisoma: involvement of prostaglandin in egg production. Int. J. Invert. Reprod. Dev. 10: 159-167.
Misra, K.K., Shkrob, I., Rakshit, S. and Dembitsky, V.M. 2002. Variability in fatty acids and fatty aldehydes in diff erent organs of two prosobranch gastropod molluscs. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 30: 749-761.
Misra, S., Ghosh, K.M., Choudhury, A., Dutta, K.A., Pal, K.P. and Ghosh, A. 1985. Fatty acids from Macoma sp. of bivalve mollusc. J. Sci. Food Agric. 36: 1193-1196.
Morris, R.J., Culkin, F., Lockwood, A.P.M. and Jensen, A.C. 1983. Eff ect of chlorination on the gill lipids of the mussel Mytilus edulis. Chem. Ecol. 1(3): 173-189.
Napolitano, G.E, Ratnayake, W.M.N. and Ackman, R.G. 1988. Fatty acid components of larval Ostrea edulis (L.): importance of triacylglycerols as fatty acid reserve. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 90B: 875-883.
Paradis, M. and Ackman, R.G. 1977. Potential for employing the distribution of anomalous non-methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids in several marine invertebrates as part of food web studies. Lipids. 12: 170-176.
Pazos, J.A., Ruiz, C., Martin, G.O., Abad, M. and Sanchez, L.J. 1996. Seasonal variation of the lipid content and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea gigas cultured in E1 Grove, Galicia, N.W. Spain. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114B (2): 171-179.
Pazos, J.A., Sanchez, L.J., Roman, G., Perez-Parelle, M.L. and Abad, M. 2003. Seasonal changes in lipid classes and fatty acids composition in digestive gland of Pecten maximus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 134B: 367-380.
Piretti, M.V., Zuppa, F., Pagliuca, G. and Taioli, F. 1988. Variations of fatty acid constituents in selected tissues of the bivalve mollusc Scapharia inaequivaleis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89B (1): 183-187.
Pollero, R.J., Brenner, R.R. and Gros, G.E. 1981. Seasonal changes in lipid and fatty acid composition of the freshwater mollusc Diplodom patagonicus. Lipids. 16(2): 109-113.
Pollero, R.J., Irazu, C.E. and Brenner, R.R. 1983. Eff ect of sexual stage on lipids and fatty acids of Diplodon delodontus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 76B: 927-931.
Saintsing, D.G., Hwang, D.H. and Dietz, T.H. 1983. Production of prostaglandin E2 and F2α in the freshwater mussel Ligumia subrostrata: relation to sodium transport. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Th er. 226: 455-461.
Sargent, J.R. 1976. Th e structure, metabolism and function of lipids in marine organisms. In: Biochemical and Biophysical Perspectives in Marine Biology (eds. D.C. Malin and J.R. Sargent), Academic Press, London, pp.149-212.
Spector, A.A. and Yorek, M.A. 1985. Membrane lipid composition and cellular function. J. Lipid Res. 26: 1015-1035.
Spike, B.P., Wright, R.J., Danielson, S.D. and Stanley-Samuelson, D.W. 1991. Th e fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacylglycerols, from two chinch bug species Blissus leucopterus leucopterus and B. iowensis (Insecta; Hemiptera; Lygaeidae) are similar to the characteristic dipteran pattern. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 99B: 799-802.
Stanley-Samuelson, D.W. and Dadd, R.H. 1983. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Patterns of occurrence in insects. Biochemistry. 13: 549-558.
Stanley-Samuelson, D.W. 1987. Physiological roles of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in invertebrates. Biol. Bull. 173: 92-109.
Th ompson, S.N. 1973. A review and comparative characterization of the fatty acid compositions of seven insect orders. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 45B: 467-482.
Vernberg, W.B. and Vernberg, F.J. 1972. Environmental Physiology of Marine Animals, Springer, Berlin.
Watanabe, T. and Ackman, R.G. 1974. Lipids and fatty acids of the American (Crassostrea virginica) and European fl at (Ostrea edulis) oysters from a common habitat and aft er one feeding with Dicrateria inornata or Isochrysis galbana. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 31: 403-409.
Wenne, R. and Polak, L. 1989. Lipid composition and storage in the tissues of the Macoma balthica. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 17: 583- 587.
Williams, P.M. 1965. Fatty acids derived from marine origin. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 22: 1107-1122.
Zhukova, N.V. 1986. Biosynthesis of non-methylene interrupted dienoic fatty acids from [C14] acetate in molluscs. Biochim. et Biophys. Acta. 878: 131-133.
Zhukova, N.V. 1991. Th e pathway of the biosynthesis of non- methylene-interrupted dienoic fatty acids in molluscs. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 110B: 801-804.