Seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community in the shallow, brackish Liman Lake in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey
The present study reports on the zooplankton community in Liman Lake based on field studies carried out between October 2002 and March 2004. A total of 35 zooplankton taxa, belonging to Rotifera (28), Cladocera (5), and Copepoda (2), were identified. Rotifera was the dominant group in all sampling surveys and accounted for 97% of the zooplankton density in the lake. The average total zooplankton abundance ranged from 993 to 476,912 ind/m3. The maximum and the minimum densities were measured in April and August of 2003, respectively. Seasonal fluctuations of zooplankton found in the current study disagreed with the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model. During the study period, only rotifer species were found to be quantitatively dominant in the zooplankton community. Quantitative contributions of Cladocera and Copepoda to the zooplankton community were insignificant. Keratella quadrata, Keratella cochlearis, and Hexarthra oxyuris were the dominant species and were present during the whole year. Shannon's diversity index ranged from 0.61 to 1.67.
Seasonal patterns of the zooplankton community in the shallow, brackish Liman Lake in Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey
The present study reports on the zooplankton community in Liman Lake based on field studies carried out between October 2002 and March 2004. A total of 35 zooplankton taxa, belonging to Rotifera (28), Cladocera (5), and Copepoda (2), were identified. Rotifera was the dominant group in all sampling surveys and accounted for 97% of the zooplankton density in the lake. The average total zooplankton abundance ranged from 993 to 476,912 ind/m3. The maximum and the minimum densities were measured in April and August of 2003, respectively. Seasonal fluctuations of zooplankton found in the current study disagreed with the Plankton Ecology Group (PEG) model. During the study period, only rotifer species were found to be quantitatively dominant in the zooplankton community. Quantitative contributions of Cladocera and Copepoda to the zooplankton community were insignificant. Keratella quadrata, Keratella cochlearis, and Hexarthra oxyuris were the dominant species and were present during the whole year. Shannon's diversity index ranged from 0.61 to 1.67.
___
- Bekleyen, A. and Taş, B. 2008. Zooplankton fauna of Çernek Lake (Samsun). Ekoloji 17(67): 24-30.
- Bjørklund, B.G. 2009. Freshwater rotifers from Hordaland, western Norway, with a survey of freshwater rotifers previously found in Norway. Fauna Norvegica 29: 11-54.
- Boix, D., Gascon, S., Sala, S., Martinoy, M., Gifre, J. and Quintana, X.D. 2005. A new index of water quality assessment in Mediterranean wetlands based on crustacean and insect assemblages: the case of Catalunya (NE Iberian Peninsula). Aquat. Conserv. 15: 653-651.
- Brooks, J. and Dodson, I. 1965. Predation, body size and composition of plankton. Science 150: 28-35.
- Brucet, S., Boix, D., Gascón, S., Sala, J., Quintana, X.D., Badosa, A., Søndergaard, M., Lauridsen, T.L. and Jeppesen, E. 2009. Species richness of crustacean zooplankton and trophic structure of brackish lagoons in contrasting climate zones: north temperate Denmark and Mediterranean Catalonia (Spain). Ecography 32: 692-702.
- Demirkalp, F.Y., Çağlar, S.S., Saygı, Y., Gündüz, E., Kaynaş, S. and Kılınç, S. 2004. Preliminary limnological survey on the shallow lagoon Lake Çernek (Samsun, Turkey): Phytoplankton and zooplankton community structure, in relation to physical and chemical variables. Fresen. Environ. Bull. 13(6): 508-518.
- Demirkalp, F.Y., Gündüz, E., Çağlar, S.S., Saygı, Y. and Bayarı, S. 2006. Liman Gölü limnolojisi ve ekonomik öneme sahip balık populasyonları üzerine araştırmalar. TÜBİTAK-TBAG: 2196 No’lu Proje Kesin Raporu, Ankara.
- Demirkalp, F.Y., Saygı, Y., Gündüz, E., Çağlar, S.S. and Kılınç, S. 2010. Limnological assessment on the brackish shallow Liman Lake from Kızılırmak Delta (Turkey). Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 9(16): 2132-2139.
- DSI. 1986. Devlet Su İşleri Bafra Projesi Planlama Revizyon Raporu, Samsun.
- Dumont, H.J. 1977. Biotic factors in the population dynamics of rotifers. Arc. Hydrobiol. Ergebn. Limnol. 8: 98-122.
- Dussart, B. 1967. Les Copepodes des Eaux Continentales, Tome I: Calanoides et Harpacticoides. N. Boubee & Cie, Paris.
- Dussart, B.1969. Les Copepodes des Eaux Continentales, Tome II: Cyclopoides et Biologie. N. Boubee & Cie, Paris.
- EC. 1998. Th e Council of the European Union Council Directive on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. 98/89/EC, Offi cial Journal of the European Communities, L 330/32, pp. 1-23.
- Edmondson, W.T. 1965. Reproductive rate of planktonic rotifers is related to food and temperature in nature. Ecol. Monogr. 35: 61-111.
- Emir, N. 1990. Samsun Bafra Gölü Rotatoria faunasının taksonomik yönden incelenmesi. Doğa Turk. J. Zool. 14: 89-106.
- Gannon, J.E. and Stemberger, R.S. 1978. Zooplankton (especially crustaceans and rotifers) as indicators water quality. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 97: 16-35.
- Grimmet, R.F.A. and Jones, T.A. 1989. Important Bird Areas in Europe. ICBP/IWWRB/RSPB, Cambridge.
- Gündüz, E. 1989. A new record of Mesochra aestuarii Gurney 1921 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) for Turkey. Turk. J. Zool. 13(3): 228-232.
- Gündüz, E. 1991a. Bafra Balık Gölü’nün (Balıkgölü-Uzungöl) Cladocera türleri üzerine taksonomik bir çalışma. Turk. J. Zool. 15(2):115-133.
- Gündüz, E. 1991b. Bafra Balık Gölü’nün (Balıkgölü-Uzungöl) Clanoida ve Cyclopoida (Copepoda) türleri üzerine taksonomik bir çalışma. Turk. J. Zool. 15(4): 296-305.
- Hall, D.J., Th relkeld, S.T., Burns, C.W. and Crowley, P.H. 1976. Th e size-effi ciency hypothesis and the size structure of zooplankton communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 7: 177-208.
- Herzig, A. 1987. Th e analysis of planktonic rotifer populations: A plea for long term investigations. Hydrobiologia 147: 163-180.
- Hofmann, W. 1975. Th e infl uence of spring circulation on zooplankton dynamics in the Pluβsee. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 19: 1241-1250.
- Hustings, F. and Dijk, K.V. 1993. Bird Census in the Kızılırmak Delta, Turkey. WIWO Report, Zeist, Netherlands.
- Irvine, K., Bales, M.T., Moss, B., Stansfi eld, J.H. and Snook, D. 1990. Tropic relations in Hickling Broad, a shallow and brackish eutrophic lake. Verh. Int. Verei. Limnol. 24: 576-579.
- Joyce, C.B., Herbon, C.V. and Metcalfe, D.J. 2005. Biotic variation in coastal water bodies in Sussex, England: Implications for saline lagoons. Estuar. Coast. Shelf. Sci. 65: 633-644.
- Kiefer, F. 1952. Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus Türkischen Binnengewassern. I. Calanoida. Hidrobiol. İstanbul, Seri B 1(2): 103-130.
- Kiefer, F. 1955. Freilebende Ruderfusskrebse (Crustacea, Copepoda) aus Türkischen Binnengewassern. II. Cyclopoida und Harpacticoida. Hidrobiol. İstanbul, Seri B 2(4): 108-123.
- Kiefer, F. 1978. Copepoda non-parasitica. In: Limnofauna Europea, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp. 209-223.
- Koste, W. 1978. Rotatoria, die Radertiere Mitteleuropas. Ein Bestimmungswerk, begründet von max Voigt, 2 Aufl ., 2 Vols. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin.
- Magnin, G. and Yarar, M. 1997. Türkiye’nin Önemli Kuş Alanları. DHKD Yayınları, İstanbul.
- May, L. and O’Hare, M. 2005. Changes in rotifer species composition and abundance along a trophic gradient in Loch Lomond, Scotland, UK. Hydrobiologia 546: 397-404.
- Mayer, J., Dokulil, M.T., Salbrechter, M., Berger, M., Posch, T., Pfi ster, G., Kirschner, A.K.T., Velimorov, B., Steitz, A. and Ulbricht, T. 1997. Seasonal succession and trophic relations between phytoplankton, zooplankton, ciliate and bacteria in a hypertrophic shallow lake in Vienna, Austria. Hydrobiologia 342/343: 165-174.
- Moss, B. 1994. Brackish and freshwater shallow lakes - diff erent systems or variations on the same theme? Hydrobiologia 275/276: 1-14.
- Murtaugh, P.A. 1989. Size and species composition of zooplankton in experimental ponds with and without fi shes. Journal of Fresh. Ecol. 5: 27-38.
- Negrea, S.1983. Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania, Crustacea Cladocera, Vol. 14, No. 12. Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest.
- Oltra, R. and Miracle, M.R. 1992. Seasonal succession of zooplankton populations in the hypertrophic lagoon Albufera of Valencia (Spain). Arch. für Hidrobiologie 124: 187-204.
- Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States, 2nd ed, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
- Ramdani, M., Elkhiati, N., Flower, R.J., Birks, H.H., Kraiem, M.M., Fathi, A.A. and Patrick, S.T. 2001. Open water zooplankton communities in North African wetland lakes: The CASSARINA Project. Aquat. Ecol. 35: 319-333.
- Remane, A. and Schlieper, C. 1971. Biology of Brackish Water. Band XXV, E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart.
- Quintana, X.D., Moreno-Amich, R. and Comin, F.A. 1998. Nutrient and plankton dynamics in a Mediterranean salt marsh dominated by incidents of fl ooding. Part 2: Response of the zooplankton community to disturbances. Jour. Plankton Res. 20: 2109-2127.
- Schallenberg, M., Hall C.J and Burns, C.W. 2003. Consequences of climate-induced salinity increases on zooplankton abundance and diversity in coastal lakes. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 251: 181- 189.
- Sládecek, V. 1983. Rotifers as indicators of water quality. Hydrobiologia 100: 169-201.
- Sommer, U., Gliwicz, Z.M., Lampert, W. and Duncan, A. 1986. The PEG model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Arc. Hydrobiol. 106: 433-471.
- Williamson, C.E. and Butler, N. 1986. Predation on rotifers by the suspension-feeding calanoid copepod Diaptomus pallidus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 31(2): 393-402.