Taxonomic status of Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) and Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) in Turkey (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinden 1974 ila 2007 yılları arasında toplanan 156 Myotis myotis ile 149 M. blythii örneklerinin morfometrik, biyolojik, ekolojik ve karyolojik verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Türk Trakya’sından alınan örnekler M. m. myotis’e, Akdeniz bölgesinden alınan örnekler M. m. macrocephalicus’a, Anadolu’nun geri kalanındaki örnekler ise bir ara forma atfedilmiştir. M. blythii’nin vücut ve kafatası ölçülerinde batıdan doğuya doğru gidildikçe değişmeyen bir artış tespit edildiğinden, Türkiye’deki populasyonlarına bir alttür ismi atfedilmedi. Ayrıca, bu türün vücut ve kafatası ölçüleri Avrupa’daki küçük M. b. oxgnathus ile Yakın ve Orta Doğu’daki büyük M. b. omari alttürleri için verilen değerler arasında kalmaktadır. Her iki türün karyotipleri 44 kromozoma sahip ve NFa’nın 50 olmasıyla diğer Myotis türleri ile benzerdir. X kromozomu orta boylu bir metasentrik Y kromozomu ise küçük akrosentriktir.

Türkiye’deki Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) ve Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) türlerinin taksonomik durumu (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Morphometrical, biological, ecological, and karyological data of 156 Myotis myotis and 149 M. blythii specimens collected from various provinces of Turkey between 1974 and 2007 were evaluated. Specimens from Turkish Th race were referred to as M. m. myotis and the Mediterranean part as M. m. macrocephalicus. Specimens from the rest of Anatolia were assigned to an intermediate form. Due to a steady increase in body and cranial size detected in Myotis blythii from western to eastern Anatolia, we did not assign a subspecifi c name for the M. blythii populations in Turkey. In addition, body and cranial measurements of this species lie between those given for the smaller subspecies M. b. oxgnathus from Europe and the larger M. b. omari from the Near East and the Middle East. In both species, the karyotype was similar to that of the other Myotis species having a 44 chromosome with a NFa 50. Th e X chromosome was a medium-sized metacentric while the Y was a minute acrocentric.

PDF

___

Albayrak, İ. 1990. Doğu Anadolu yarasaları (Mammalia: Chiroptera) ve yayılışları. Doğa-Tr. J. of Zoology. 14: 214-228.
Albayrak, İ. 1993. Batı Anadolu yarasaları ve yayılışları (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Doğa-Tr. J. of Zoology. 17: 237-257.
Albayrak, İ. 2003. Th e bats of the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Turk J. Zool. 27: 269-273.
Albayrak, İ. and Aşan, N. 1998. Taxonomic status and geographic variations of Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) from Turkey (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Tr. J. of Zoology. 22: 1-9.
Arlettaz, R., Ruedi, M., Ibanez, C., Palmeirim, J. and Hausser, J. 1997. A new perspective on the zoogeography of the sibling mouse-eared bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii: morphological, genetical and ecological evidence. J. Zool. Lond. 242: 45-62.
Aşan, N., Albayrak, İ. and Yorulmaz, T. 2010. Noteworthy records of Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii in Turkey (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Lynx, n.s. 41: 145-150.
Baagøe, H.J. 1977. Age determination in bats (Chiroptera). Vid. Med. Dansk. Nat. For. 140: 53-92.
Baker, R.J., Davis, B.L., Jordan, R.G. and Binous, A. 1974. Karyotypic and morphometric studies of Tunisian mammals: Bats. Mammalia. 38: 695-710.
Baker, R.J., Haiduk, M.W., Robbins, L.W., Cadena, A. and Koop, B.F. 1982. Chromosomal studies of South American bats and their systematic implications. In: Mammalian Biology in South America. (eds. M.A. Mares and H.H. Genoways). Pymatuning Laboratory of Ecology. Pennsylvania, pp. 303-327.
Beaucournu, J.C. 1965. Captures de Myotis blythii oxygnathus (Monticelli, 1885) en anjou et en tourane confi rmation de sa presence en Corse. Mammalia. 29: 54-60.
Benda, P. and Horacek, I. 1995a. Biometrics of Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii. Myotis. 32-33: 45-55.
Benda, P. and Horacek, I. 1995b. Geographic variation in three species of Myotis (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in south of the western Palearctics. Acta. Soc. Zool. Bohem. 59: 17-39.
Benda, P. and Horacek, I. 1998. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 1. Review of distribution and taxonomy of bats in Turkey. Acta. Soc. Zool. Bohem. 62: 255- 313.
Benda, P., Andreas, M., Kock, D., Lučan, R.K., Munclinger, P., Novă, P., Obuch, J., Ochman, K., Reiter, A., Uhrin, M. and Weinfurtová, D. 2006. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 4. Bat Fauna of Syria: Distribution, Systematics, Ecology. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 70: 1-329.
Benda, P., Hanak, V., Horacek, I., Hulva, P., Lučan, R.K. and Ruedi, M. 2007. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean. Part 5. Bat Fauna of Cyprus: Review of records with confi rmation of six species new for the island and description of a new subspecies. Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 71: 71-130.
Berthier, P., Excoffi er, L. and Ruedi, M. 2006. Recurrent replacement of mtDNA and cryptic hybridization between two sibling bat species Myotis myotis and Myotis blythii. Proc. Biol. Sci. 273: 3101-3109.
Bickham, J.W. and Hafner, J.C. 1978. A chromosomal banding study of three species of vespertilionid bats from Yugoslavia. Genetica. 48: 1-3.
Bogan, M.A., Setzer, H.W., Findley, J.S. and Wilson, D.E. 1978. Phenetics of Myotis blythii in Morocco. Proceedings of the fourth International Bat Conference, Nairobi, 4: 217-230.
Campbell, R.C. 1990. Statistics for Biologists. Cambridge University Press, London.
Castella, V., Ruedi, M., Excoffi er, L., Ibánez, C., Arlettaz, R. and Hausser, J. 2000. Is Gibraltar Strait a barrier to gene fl ow for the bat Myotis myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)? Molecular Ecology, 9: 1761-1772.
Çağlar, M. 1965. Die Chiropteranfauna der Turkei. İst. Üniv. Fen. Fak. 30: 125-135.
Dietz, C. and Helversen, O. von 2004. Illustrated identifi cation key to the bats of Europe. Electronic version 1.0. Electronic Publication, Tuebingen & Erlangen.
Felten, H., Spitzenberger, F. and Storch, G. 1977. Zur Kleinsäugerfauna West Anatoliens Teil III a. Senckenbergiana Biol. 58: 1-44.
Harrison, D.L. 1964. Th e Mammals of Arabia. Insectivora, Chiroptera, Primates. Lakeside Printing, London.
Harrison, D.L. and Lewis, R.E. 1961. Th e large mouse-eared bats of the Middle East with description of a new subspecies. J. Mamm. 42: 372-380.
Harrison, D.L. and Bates, P.J.J. 1991. Th e Mammals of Arabia. Lakeside Printing, London.
Iliopoulou-Georgudaki, J. and Giagia, E. B. 1984. Distribution notes on Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Greece, including the karyotype of specimen from Lesvos island. Säugetierkdl. Mitt. 31: 135-139.
Kahmann, H. and Çağlar, M. 1960. Türkiye Memelileri Hakkında 1- Hatay bölgesinden yarasalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası. Seri B. 25: 1-21.
Karataş, A., Yiğit, N., Kankılıç, T. and Çolak, E. 2004. Contribution to the distribution and karyology of some vespertilionid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East. 31: 5-12.
Miller, G.S. 1912. Catalogue of the Mammals of western Europe in the Collection of the Museum. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. London.
Mitchell-Jones, A.J., Amori, G., Bogdanowicz, W., Kryštufek, B., Reijnders, P.H.H, Spitzenberger, F., Stubbe, M., Th issen, J.B.M., Vohralík, V. and Zima, J. 1999. Th e Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press. USA.
Müdespacher-Ziehl, C., Espiritu-Mora, R., Martinez-Coronel, M. and Gaona, S. 2005. Chromosomal studies of two populations of Penomyscus diffi cilis felipensis (Rodentia: Muridae). Cytologia. 70: 243-248.
Shehab, A., Karataş, A., Amr, Z., Mamkhair, İ. and Sözen, M. 2007. Th e Distribution of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Syria. Vertebrate Zoology. 57: 103-132.
Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Th ird edition (eds. D. E. Wilson, and D. M. Reeder). Th e Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 500-518.
Spitzenberger, F. 1988. Groβes und kleines mausohr Myotis myotis (Borkhausen, 1797) and Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Österreich. Mitt. Abt. Zool. Landesmus. 42: 1-68.
Spitzenberger, F. 1996. Distribution and subspecifi c variation of Myotis blythii and Myotis myotis in Turkey (Mammalia: Vespertilionidae). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. 98: 9-23.
Stadelmann, B., Lin, L.K., Kunz, T.H. and Ruedi, M. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of New world Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43: 32-48.
Steiner, H.M. and Gaisler, J. 1994. On a collection of bats (Chiroptera) from NE Turkey and Iran. Acta. Sc. Brno. 4:1-56.
Strelkov, P.P. 1972. Myotis blythii (Tomes, 1857): Distribution, geographical variability and diff erences from Myotis myotis. Acta Th eriologica. 17: 355-380.
Volleth, M. 1987. Diff erences in the location of nucleolus organizer regions in European vespertilionid bats. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 44: 186-197.
Volleth, M. and Heller, K.G. 1994. Phylogenetic relationships of vespertilionid genera (Mammalia: Chiroptera) as revealed by karyological analysis. Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung. 32: 11-34.
Zima, J. 1978. Chromosome charecteristics of vespertilionidae from Czechoslovakia. Acta Sc. Nat. Brno. 12:1-38.
Zima, J. 1979. Chromosomal homology in the complements of bats of the family vespertilionidae I. Karyometric analysis of chromosomal complements of 20 species. Folia Zool. 28: 329- 336.
Zima, J. 1982. Chromosomal homology in the complements of bats of the family vespertilionidae II. G-band karyotypes of some Myotis, Eptesicus and Pipistrellus species. Folia Zool. 31:31-36.
Zima, J. and Horáček, I. 1985. Synopsis of karyotypes of vespertilionid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Universitatis Carolinae- Biologica. 1981: 311-329.