Pınar GÜRBÜZER, Özge BUYURGAN, Çağrı TEKATLI, Ahmet ALTINDAĞ

Species diversity and community structure of zooplankton in three different types of water body within the Sakarya River Basin, Turkey

The aim of this study was to identify differences between different types of water body within the same river basin bycomparing the composition of the zooplankton community. The study was conducted in three types of water body in the Sakarya Basinin northwestern Turkey: an alluvial barrier lake (Lake Poyrazlar), a pond (Sorgun Pond), and a reservoir (Çubuk II Reservoir). Thespatiotemporal changes of these three types of aquatic habitats were investigated in terms of the zooplankton organisms by examiningtheir diversity, evenness, and differences in the abundance of species. A total of 81 species were identified. Thirty-eight species wereobserved in one water body only, while 15 species were observed in all the water bodies. Two of the 15 species belonged to the groupCladocera, while the rest belonged to the phylum Rotifera. The water bodies were different in terms of all the zooplankton species andcladocerans, even though they were located within the same basin. In addition, the size of the lake area and its electrical conductivitymay affect species diversity and richness depending on the amount and quality of water inflow.

PDF

___

APHA (1975). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. 14th edition. Washington, DC: APHA (John D Ducas Co).
Adler PB, White EP, Lauenroth WK, Kaufman DM, Rassweiler A, Rusak JA (2005). Evidence for a general speciestimearea relationship. Ecology 86: 2032-2039.
Apaydın Yağcı M, Ustaoğlu, MR (2012). Zooplankton fauna of Lake İznik (Bursa, Turkey). Turk J Zool 36: 341-350.
Atay D, Pulatsü S (2000). Su Kirlenmesi ve Kontrolü. Ankara, Turkey: Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi. 1513-197, 243 (in Turkish).
Baas Becking LGM (1934). Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde. The Hague, the Netherlands: WP Van Stockum & Zoon (in Dutch).
Beklioğlu M, Romo S, Kagalou I, Quintana X, Becares E (2007). State of the art in the functioning of shallow Mediterranean lakes: workshop conclusions. Hydrobiologia 584: 317-326.
Beklioğlu M, Meerhoff M, Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E (2011). Eutrophication and restoration of shallow lakes from a cold temperate to a warm Mediterranean and a (sub) tropical climate. In: Ansari AA, Singh Gill S, Lanza GR, Rast W, editors. Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, and Control. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, pp. 91-108.
Boll T, Levi EE, Bezirci G, Özuluğ M, Tavşanoğlu ÜN, Çakıroğlu Aİ, Özcan S, Brucet S, Jeppesen E, Beklioğlu M (2016). Fish assemblage and diversity in lakes of western and central Turkey: role of geo-climatic and other environmental variables. Hydrobiologia 771: 31-44.
Bonecker CC, Simões NR, Minte-Vera CV, Lansac-Tôha FA, Velho LFM, Agostinho AA (2013). Temporal changes in zooplankton species diversity in response to environmental changes in an alluvial valley. Limnologica 43: 114-121.
Botrell HH, Duncan A, Gliwicz ZM, Grygierek E, Herzig A, Hillbricht-Ilkowska A, Kurasawa H, Larson P, Weglenska T (1976). A review of some problems in plankton production studies. Norw J Zool 24: 419-456.
Bray RJ, Curtis JT (1957). An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin. Ecol Monogr 27: 325-349.
Buyurgan Ö, Altındağ A, Kaya M (2010). Zooplankton community structure of Asartepe Dam Lake (Ankara, Turkey). Turk J Fish Aquat Sc 10: 135-138.
Cakiroglu Aİ, Tavsanoglu ÜN, Levi EE, Davidson TA, Bucak T, Özen A, Akyıldız GK, Jeppesen E, Beklioğlu M (2014). Relatedness between contemporary and subfossil cladoceran assemblages in Turkish lakes. J Paleolimnol 52: 367-383.
Chalkia E, Kehayias G (2013). Zooplankton community dynamics and environmental factors in Lake Ozeros (Greece). Mediterr Mar Sci 14: 32-34.
Clarke KR, Warwick RM (2001). Change in Marine Communities: An Approach to Statistical Analysis and Interpretation. 2nd edition. Plymouth, UK: PRIMER-E.
De Bie T, Declerck S, Martens K, De Meester L, Brendonck L (2007). A comparative analysis of cladoceran communities from different water body types: patterns in community composition and diversity. Hydrobiologia 597: 19-27.
De Smet WH (1996). Prolidae (Monogononta). Vol. 4. Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University.
Demirsoy A, Kasparek M, Akbulut A, Durmuş Y, (Emir) Akbulut N, Çalışkan M (2001). Phenology of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis L., in northwestern Turkey. Hydrobiologia 462: 19-24.
Dodson SI, Newman AL, Will-Wolf S, Alexander MI, Woodford MP, Egeren SV (2009). The relationship between zooplankton community structure and lake characteristics in temperate lakes (northern Wisconsin, USA). J Plankton Res 1: 93-100.
Edmonson WT (1959). Freshwater Biology. 2nd edition. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.; London: Chapman and Hall Limited.
Florencio M, Diaz-Paniagua, C, Serrano L (2015). Relationships between hydroperiod length, and seasonal and spatial patterns of beta-diversity of the microcrustacean assemblages in Mediterranean ponds. Wetlands Biodiversity and Processes 1-13. Hydrobiologia 774: 109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2515-7.
Flosner D, Kraus K (1986). On the taxonomy of the Daphnia hyalinagaleata complex (Crustacea: Cladocera). Hydrobiologia 137: 97-115.
Fontenato D, Ricci C (2006). Spatial gradients in species diversity of microscopic animals: the case of bdelloid rotifers at high altitude. J Biogeogr 33: 1305-1313.
Gannon EJ, Stemberger SR (1978). Zooplankton as indicators of water quality. Trans Amer Micros Soc 97: 67-35.
Hammer UT, Shamess J, Hayness RC (1983). The distribution and abundance of algae in saline lakes of Saskatchewan, Canada. Hydrobiologia 105: 1-26.
Harding JP, Smith WA (1974). A Key to the British Freshwater Cyclopoid and Calanoid Copepods. 2nd edition. Ambleside, UK: Freshwater Biological Association.
Havens KE, Beaver JR (2011). Body size versus taxonomy in relating crustacean zooplankton communities to water quality in lakes. Inland Waters 1: 107-112.
Havens KE, Motta Pinto-Coelho R, Beklioglu M, Christoffersen KS, Jeppesen E, Lauridsen T, Mazumder A, Méthot G, Pinel Alloul B, Tavşanoğlu UN et al. (2015). Temperature effects on body size of freshwater crustacean zooplankton from Greenland to the tropics. Hydrobiologia 743: 27-35.
Inaotombi S, Gupta PK, Mahanta, PC (2016). Influence of abiotic factors on the spatio-temporal distribution of rotifers in a subtropical lake of western Himalaya. Water Air Soil Pollut 227: 50.
Jaramillo JC, Pinto RM (2010). Interaction between Hexarthra intermedia (Rotifera) and Bosmina longirostris (Cladocera): a case of opportunistic nutrition or interference competition? J Plankton Res 32: 961-966.
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Søndergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus F (2000). Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in Danish lakes: changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshwat Biol 45: 201-218.
Kaya M, Altındağ A (2009). New record rotifer species for the Turkish fauna. Turk J Zool 33: 7-12.
Kaya M, Fontaneto D, Segers H, Altındağ A (2010). Temperature and salinity as interacting drivers of species richness of planktonic rotifers in Turkish continental waters. J Limnol 69: 297-304.
Keller B, Wolinska J, Manca M, Spaak P (2008). Spatial, environmental and anthropogenic effects on the taxon composition of hybridizing Daphnia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 363: 2943-2952.
Kolisko R (1974). Plankton Rotifers Biology and Taxonomy. Stuttgart, Germany: E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nagele u. Obermiller).
Korhonen JJ, Soininen J, Hillebrand H (2010). A quantitative analysis of temporal turnover in aquatic species assemblages across ecosystems. Ecology 92: 508-517.
Koste W (1978). Radertiere Mitteleeuropas. 2. Berlin, Germany: Tafelband.
Kruskal JB (1964). Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrika 29: 1-27.
Legendre P (2005). Species associations: the Kendall coefficient of concordance revisited. J Agric Biol Envir S 10: 226-245.
Legendre P, Borcard D, Peres-Neto PR (2005). Analyzing beta diversity: partitioning the spatial variation of community composition data. Ecol Managr 74: 435-450.
Legendre P, Gallagher ED (2001). Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data. Oecologia 129: 271-280.
Leps J, Similaur P (2003). Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Margalef R (1951). Diversidad de species en las commundales naturals. Publicaciones del instituto de biologia aplicada 6: 59-72.
Merrix-Jones FL, Thackeray SJ, Ormerod SJ (2013). A global analysis of zooplankton in natural and artificial fresh waters. J Limnol 72: 140-153.
MGM (Turkish State Meteorological Service, Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Republic of Turkey) (2013). 2012 Yılı İklim Değerlendirmesi Raporu. Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
Muirhead JR, Ejsmont-Karabin J, Macisaac HJ (2006). Quantifying rotifer species richness in temperate lakes. Freshwat Biol 51: 1696-1709.
Moss B, Stephen D, Alvarez C, Becares E, Bund WVD, Collings SE, Donk EV, Eyto ED, Feldmann T, Fernández-Aláez C et al. (2003). The determination of ecological status in shallow lakes: a tested system (ECOFRAME) for implementation of the European Water Framework Directive. Aquat Conserv 13: 507-549.
Nogrady T, Pourriot R (1995). The Notommatidae. Kingston, Canada: Queens University; Paris: Université 6.
OSİB (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı) (2013). Havza Koruma Eylem Planı Projesi Sakarya Havzası Nihai Raporu. Kocaeli, Turkey (in Turkish).
Peel MC, Finlayson BL, McMahon TA (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci Discuss 4: 439-473.
Pejler B (1983). Zooplanktic indicators of trophy and their food. Hydrobiologia 101: 111-114.
Pielou EC (1975). Ecological Diversity. New York, NY, USA: WileyInterScience.
Santos JBO, Silva LHS, Branco CWC, Huszar VLM (2016). The roles of environmental conditions and geographical distances on the species turnover of the whole phytoplankton and zooplankton communities and their subsets in tropical reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 764: 171-186.
Schwenk K, Spaak P (1997). Ecology and genetics of interspecific hybridization in Daphnia. In: Streit B, Stadler T, and Lively CM, editors. Evolutionary Ecology of Freshwater Animals. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlag, pp. 199-229.
Segers H (1995). The Lecanidae (Monogononta). Ghent, Belgium: Ghent University.Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949). The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana, IL, USA: University of Illinois Press. Simpson EH (1949). Measurement of diversity. Nature 163: 688.
Smirnov NN (1996). Cladocera: the Chydorinae and Sayciinae (Chydoridae) of the World. Guides to the Identification of the Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World, Vol. 11. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing.
Siqueira T, Bini LM, Thomaz SM, Fontaneto D (2015). Biodiversity analyses: are aquatic ecologists doing any better and differently than terrestrial ecologists? Hydrobiologia 750: 5-12.
Spaak P, Hoekstra JR (1995). Life history variation and the coexistence of a Daphnia hybrid with its parental species. Ecology 76: 553-564.
Tanyolaç J (2009). Limnoloji Tatlı Su Bilimi. Ankara, Turkey: Hatiboğlu Basım Yayınevi (in Turkish).
Tavsanoğlu UN, Maleki R, Akbulut N (2015). Effects of salinity on the zooplankton community structure in two maar lakes and one freshwater lake in the Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. Ekoloji 24: 25-32.
Ter Braak CJF (1986). Canonical Correspondence Analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67: 1167-1179.
Wallace RL, Snell TW, Ricci C, Nogrady T (2006). Rotifera biology, ecology and systematics. In: Segers H, Dumont HJ, editors. Guides to the Identification of the Microinvertebrates of the Continental Waters of the World. 2nd edition. Ghent, Belgium: Kenobi Productions; Leiden, the Netherlands: Backhuys Academic Publishing BV.
Ward HB, Whipple GC (1945). Freshwater Biology. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons.
Wetzel RG (2001). Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. 3rd Edition. San Diego, CA, USA: Academic Press.
Whittaker RH (1972). Evolution and measurement of species diversity. Taxon 21: 213-251.
Youngman RE (1978). Measurement of Chlorophyll-a. Technical Report. Marlowe, UK: Water Research Centre.