Hasan EREN, Bayram Ali YUKARI, Serpil NALBANTOĞLU, Abdullah İNCİ, Zati VATANSEVER, Erkut ONAR, Hatice ALP, Metin GÜNAY, Zafer KARAER, Fahri SAYIN, Ayşe ÇAKMAK, Şükran DİNÇER

Türkiye' de tropikal theileriosis üzerinde araştırmalar; 5. Atenüye Theileria annulata şizont aşısının düşük dozlarının tropikal theileriosis'e karşı sığırları korumadaki etkileri

Türkiye'de bir yılda üretilebilen 150.000 dozluk atenüye hücre kültürü aşısının ihtiyacı karşılamaması nedeniyle bir aşı dozundaki hücre sayısının azaltılarak daha çok sayıda sığırın aşılanabilmesi amacıyla, değişik sayıda aşı hücresi içeren dozların, sığırları tropikal theileriosis'den korumada etkileri incelenmiştir. Bunun için 2,5-3 aylık 50 Holstein ırkı buzağıdan yararlanılmış; 42'si aşı dozu denemelerinde, 8'i ise çelinç materyali patojenitesinin saptanmasında kullanılmıştır. Değişik sayıda aşı hücresi içeren dozların incelenmesi için 3 deney yapılmış, birincisi için herbirinde 4 buzağı olan 3 grup (1 'i kontrol), ikincisi için herbirinde 3 buzağı olan 5 grup (1'i kontrol), üçüncüsü için ise 10 ve 5 (kontrol) buzağı bulunan 2 grup oluşturulmuş. Birinci deney gruplarında bulunanlar $10^6$ ve $10^7$, ikinci deney gruplarındakiler $10^3,10^4, 10^5$ ve $10^6$, üçüncü deney grubundakiler $10^6$ aşı hücresi ile aşılanmış, kontrol grubundakiler ise aşılanmamıştır. Genellikle aşılanan buzağılarda aşıya bağlı klinik bir reaksiyon şekillenmemiş, şizont ve piroplasm şekillerine rastlanmamış, kan hücreleri sayısında bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Aşılandıktan 35 gün sonra birinci deney grubundakiler kontroller de dahil Theilera annulata Sarıoba Hyalomma detritum kene stabilatı (4 kenelik) ile, ikinci deney grubundakiler kontroller de dahil T. annulata Akdere H. detritum kene stabilatı (4 kene) ile, üçüncü deney grubundakiler kontroller de dahil T. annulata AKSA Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (4 kene/1 mi T. annulata Akdere + 4 kene/1 mi T. annulata Sarıoba) kene stabilatı (8 kene) ile çelinç yapılmıştır. Aşılı ve aşısız bütün buzağılarda çelinçdan sonra enfeksiyon meydana gelmiş, şizont, piroplasm ve ateş görülmüş, ancak aşılı buzağılara göre aşısız buzağılrada parazitemi ve şizont yüzdeleri ile ateşin daha yüksek, klinik reaksiyonların daha şiddetli olduğu görülmüştür. Daha yüksek çelinç materyali ile enfekte edilen üçüncü deney grubundaki aşılı ve aşısız bütün buzağılarda ise enfeksiyon ilk iki deney grubundakilere göre daha şiddetli ortaya çıkmış, yüksek oranda şizont ve piroplasm görülmüş, aşılı buzağılardan 4'ü (% 40), kontrol buzağılarının ise hepsi (% 100) tropikal theileriosisden ölmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada $ 10^3, 10^4, 10^5, 10^6 ve 10^7$ hücrelik dozlar halinde uygulanan aşının, sığırları hastalıktan koruduğu, korumada aşı dozları arasında belirgin bir farkın ortaya çıkmadığı, ancak kene çelmemin yüksek dozda olduğu olaylarda $10^6$ hücrelik aşı dozunun hastalıktan korumaya yeterli olmadığı anlaşılmıştır.

Studies on tropical theileriosis in Turkey; 5. studies on various numbers of attenuated vaccine cells used in cattle against tropical theileriosis

Since the total of 150,000 doses of attenuated cell culture vaccine doses produced anually in Turkey does not meet the requirements of the country, by reducing the number of vaccine cells in a single dose, an increased number of vaccine doses was obtained for cattle, and doses consisting of different numbers of vaccine cells were tested according to their protective efficiency against tropical theileriosis in cattle. Fifty Holstein calves aged 2.5-3 months were used: 42 of them were used in vaccine dose trials while 8 were used in the determination of pathogenicity of the challenge material. In order to examine doses consisting of different numbers of vaccine cells, 3 experiments were carried out. Three groups (including 1 control) consisting of 4 calves were formed in the first experiment while 5 groups (including 1 control) consisting of 3 calves were formed in the second experiment and 2 groups consisting of 10 and 5 (control) calves were formed in the third experiment. Calves in the first experiment groups were vaccinated with $10^6$ and $10^7$ vaccine cells, whereas calves in the second experiment groups were vaccinated with $10^3, 10^4, 10^5 and 10^6$ and calves in the third experiment groups were vaccinated with $10^6$ cells. Animals in the control groups were not vaccinated. Generally, significant reactions were not observed in vaccinated calves and neither schizonts in lymph node smears nor piroplasm forms in blood smears were detected in any of them. No difference was observed in blood cell levels. Thirty-five days after vaccination, animal groups including the control groups were challenged with Theileria annulata Sanoba Hyalomma detritum tick stabilate (4 t.e.) in the first experiment, T. annulata Akdere H. detritum tick stabilate (4 t.e.) in the second experiment and T. annulata AKSA H. anatolicum anatolicum (4 t.e./l ml T. annulata Akdere + 4 t.e./l ml T. annulata Sanoba) tick stabilate (prepared from 8 ticks) in the third experiment. Infection developed in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves following challenge and schizonts, piroplasms and fever were observed. When compared to vaccinated calves, parasitaemia and schizont levels and body temperatures were higher and clinical reactions were more severe in non-vaccinated calves. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves in the third experiment groups, which were challenged with higher material levels, exhibited more severe infection symptoms compared to the first 2 experiment groups. Higher levels of schizont and piroplasms were detected in the animal groups in the third experiment, and 4 of the vaccinated calves (40%) and all control calves (100%) died from tropical theileriosis. In conclusion, vaccines applied at $10^3, 10^4, 10^5, 10^6 and 10^7$ cell doses were found to protect cattle from infection in this research. No significant difference was detected between the protective efficiacy of vaccine doses. However, in cases in which tick challenge was higher, the $10^6$ cell vaccine dose was found to be insufficient regarding protection.

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