The effects of royal jelly on performance and fatty acid profles of different tissues in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under high stocking density
The effects of royal jelly on performance and fatty acid profles of different tissues in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under high stocking density
To study the effects of royal jelly (RJ) on performance and fatty acid profles, 168 unsexed 8-day-old quails (Coturnix coturnixjaponica ) were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Groups were arranged as follows: control (LSD; 160 cm 2/quail and no supplementation),high stocking density (HSD; 80 cm 2/quail and no supplementation), HSD-RJ 250 [80 cm 2/quail and 250 mg/kg body weight (BW) RJgiven orally], and HSD-RJ 500 (80 cm 2/quail and 500 mg/kg BW RJ given orally). Body weight gain decreased signifcantly in the HSDgroup at day 42 (P < 0.01). Feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were also signifcantly afected in the HSD group (P < 0.01).FI and FCR were improved by both doses of RJ. Both RJ doses increased total polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios in the breast, kidney (P< 0.001), leg, and liver (P < 0.05). Total saturated fatty acid ratios in leg (P < 0.01) and kidney (P < 0.05) tissues increased in the HSDgroup but decreased in the livers of HSD-RJ 250 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, RJ supplementation improved performance parametersand unsaturated fatty acid ratios in the examined quail tissues.
___
- 1. Tatli Seven P, Seven I, Yilmaz M, Simsek UG. The effects of Turkish propolis on growth and carcass characteristics in broilers under heat stress. Anim Feed Sci Tech 2008; 146: 137 148.
- 2. Seven I, Aksu T, Tatli Seven P. The effects of propolis and vitamin C supplemented feed on performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics in broilers exposed to lead. Livest Sci 2012; 148: 1015.
- 3. Tatli Seven P, Yilmaz S, Seven I, Tuna Kelestemur G. Te efects of propolis in animals exposed to oxidative stress. In: Lushchak VI, editor. Oxidative StressEnvironmental Induction and Dietary Antioxidants. Rijeka, Croatia: InTECH; 2012. pp. 267 288.
- 4. Viuda-Martos M, Ruiz-Navajas Y, Fernandez-Lopez J, Perez- Alvarez JA. Functional properties of honey, propolis, and royal jelly. J Food Sci 2008; 73: 117124.
- 5. Barnutiu LI, Marghitas LA, Dezmirean DS, Mihai CM, Bobis O. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of royal jellyreview. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 2011; 44: 6772.
- 6. Pavel CI, Marghitas LA, Bobis O, Dezmirean DS, Sapcaliu A, Radoi I, Madas MN. Biological activities of royal jellyreview. Animal Science and Biotechnologies 2011; 44: 108118.
- 7. Schmitzova J, Klaudiny J, Albert S, Schroder W, Schreckengost W, Hanes J, Judova J, Simuth J. A family of major royal jelly proteins of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998; 54: 10201030.
- 8. Guo H, Ekusa A, Iwai K, Yonekura M, Takahata Y, Morimatsu F. Royal jelly peptides inhibit lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 2008; 54: 191195.
- 9. Okamoto I, Taniguchi Y, Kunikata T, Kohno K, Iwaki K, Ikeda M, Kurimoto M. Major royal jelly protein 3 modulates immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2003; 73: 20292045.
- 10. Stocker A, Schramel P, Kettrup A, Bengsch E. Trace and mineral elements in royal jelly and homeostatic efects. J Trace Elem Med Bio 2005; 19: 183189.
- 11. Faitarone ABG, Pavan AC, Mori C, Batista LS, Oliveira RP, Garcia EA, Pizzolante CC, Mendes AA, Sherer MR. Economic traits and performance of Italian quails reared at diferent cage stocking densities. Braz J Poultry Sci 2005; 7: 1922.
- 12. Zuowei S, Yan L, Yuan L, Jiao H, Song Z, Guo Y, Lin H. Stocking density afects the growth performance of broilers in a sex-dependent fashion. Poultry Sci 2011; 90: 14061415.
- 13. Erişir M, Erişir Z. Changes in some biochemical blood parameters of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with increasing stocking density. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002; 26: 491 496.
- 14. National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (9th rev. ed.). Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1994.
- 15. AOAC. Ofcial Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Arlington, VA, USA: Association of Ofcial Analytical Chemists; 1995.
- 16. Crampton EW, Maynard LA. Te relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr 1970; 15: 383395.
- 17. Hara A, Radin NS. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low- toxicity solvent. Anal Biochem 1978; 90: 420426.
- 18. Christie WW. Gas Chromatography and Lipids. Glasgow, UK: The Oil Press; 1992.
- 19. SPSS Inc. SPSS 15.0 for Windows, Evaluation Version Release 15.0. Chicago, IL, USA: SPSS Inc.; 2006.
- 20. Estevez I. Density allowances for broilers: where to set the limits? Poultry Sci 2007; 86: 12651272.
- 21. Mumma JO, Taxton JP, Vizzier-Taxton Y, Dodson WL. Physiological stress in laying hens. Poultry Sci 2006; 85: 761 769.
- 22. Aminzade B, Karami B, Lotf E. Growth response and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail to Mentha piperita plant supplementation. ABAH Biofux 2012; 4: 2427.
- 23. Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J. Oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration in broiler chickens (Gallus gallusdomesticus) 1. Chronic exposure. Comp Biochem Phys B 2004; 139: 737744.
- 24. Morrissey PA, Buckley DJ, Sheehy PJA. Vitamin E and meat quality. P Nutr Soc 1994; 53: 289295.
- 25. Szabo A, Mezes M, Dalle Zotte A, Szendro Z, Romvari R. Changes of the fatty acid composition and malondialdehyde concentration in rabbit Longissimus dorsi muscle afer regular electrical stimulation. Meat Sci 2004; 67: 427432.
- 26. Klaassen M, Hoye BJ, Nolet BA, Buttemer WA. Ecophysiology of avian migration in the face of current global hazards. Philos T R Soc B 2012; 367: 17191732.
- 27. Caldwell CR. Alkylperoxyl radical scavenging activity of red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) phenolics. J Agr Food Chem 2003; 51: 45894595.
- 28. Tang B, Zhang L, Geng Y. Determination of the antioxidant capacity of diferent food natural products with a new developed fow injection spectrofuorometry detecting hydroxyl radicals. Talanta 2005; 65: 769775.
- 29. Zheng HQ, Hu FL, Dietemann V. Changes in composition of royal jelly harvested at diferent times: consequences for quality standards. Apidologie 2011; 42: 3947.
- 30. Isidorov VA, Czyzewska U, Jankowska E, Bakier S. Determination of royal jelly acids in honey. Food Chem 2011; 124: 387391.
- 31. Cuvelier ME, Richard H, Berset C. Comparison of the antioxidant activity of some acid phenols: structure-activity relationship. Biosci Biotech Bioch 1992; 56: 324325.
- 32. Nakajima Y, Tsuruma K, Shimazawa M, Mishima S, Hara H. Comparison of bee products based on assays of antioxidant capacities. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009; 9: 19.
- 33. Rymer C, Givens DI. N-3 fatty acid enrichment of edible tissue of poultry: a review. Lipids 2005; 40: 121130.