Ali MAHDAVI, Roghayeh VALIZADEH YONJALLI, Hamid STAJI, Farzad MIRZAEI AGHJEHGHESHLAGH, Bahman NAVIDSHAD

The effect of tannin extract and n-3 fatty acid source on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, enzyme activity, and ruminal parameters of lactating ewes

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of tannin extract and n-3 fatty acid supplementation on nutrient digestibility, ruminalparameters, blood metabolites, and enzyme activity in lactating ewes. Thirty-six lactating ewes were allocated to 6 experimental groups.The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) control, 2) diet supplemented with 2% dry matter (DM) oak leaf tannin extract, 3) dietsupplemented with 2% DM grape pomace tannin extract, 4) diet supplemented with 2% DM linseed oil, 5) diet supplemented with 2%DM oak leaf tannin extract and 2% DM linseed oil, and 6) diet supplemented with 2% DM grape pomace tannin extract and 2% DMlinseed oil. The results showed the significant effects of treatments on final body weight, digestibility, and some blood metabolites (P

PDF

___

1. Aganga AA, Tsopito CM, Adogla-Bessa T. Feed potential of Acacia species to ruminants in Botswana. Archivos de Zootecnia 1998; 47: 659-668.
2. Mueller-Harvey I. Unravelling the conundrum of tannins in animal nutrition and health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2006; 86: 2010-2037. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2577
3. Nudda A, Correddu F, Marzano A, Battacone G, Nicolussi P et al. Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 2015; 98: 1157-1166. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8659.
4. Waghorn G. Beneficial and detrimental effects of dietary condensed tannins for sustainable sheep and goat production – Progress and challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2008; 147: 116-139. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2007.09.013
5. Cieslak A, Kowalczyk J, Czauderna M, Potkanski A, Szumacher-Strabel M. Enhancing unsaturated fatty acids in ewe’s milk by feeding rapeseed or linseed oil. Czech Journal of Animal Science 2010; 55: 496-504. doi: 10.17221/874-CJAS
6. Makkar HPS, Dawra RK, Singh B. Tannin levels in leaves of some oak species at different stages of maturity. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1991; 54: 513-519. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740540403
7. Makkar HPS. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research 2003; 49: 241-256. doi: 10.1016/S0921-4488(03)00142-1
8. Alipour D, Rouzbehan Y. Effects of ensiling grape pomace and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production and microbial biomass yield. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2007; 137: 138-149. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.09.020
9. Manso T, Gallardo B, Salvá A, Guerra-Rivas C, Mantecón AR et al. Influence of dietary grape pomace combined with linseed oil on fatty acid profile and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science 2016; 99: 1-10. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9981
10. Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Torok VA, Hannah MC, Ribaux BE et al. Grape marc reduces methane emissions when fed to dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2014; 97: 5073-5087. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7588
11. Abarghuei MJ, Rouzbehan Y, Alipour D. The effect of tannins in grape pomace and oak leaf on the in vitro organic matter digestibility and in situ disappearance of sheep. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science 2015; 5 (1): 95-103.
12. Nudda A, Correddu F, Marzano A, Battacone G, Nicolussi P et al. Effects of diets containing grape seed, linseed, or both on milk production traits, liver and kidney activities, and immunity of lactating dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 2015; 98: 1157-1166. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8659
13. Toral P, Hervas G, Bichi E, Belenguer A, Frutos P. Tannins as feed additives to modulate ruminal biohydrogenation: effects on animal performance, milk fatty acid composition and ruminal fermentation in dairy ewes fed a diet containing sunflower oil. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2011; 164: 199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.01.011
14. Toral P, Hervas G, Bichi E, Belenguer A, Fruitos P. Effect of the inclusion of quebracho tannins in diet rich in linoleic acid on milk fatty acid composition in dairy ewes. Journal of Animal Science 2013; 96: 431-439. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5622
15. Vasta V, Yanez-Ruiz DR, Mele M, Serra A, Luciano G et al. Bacterial and protozoal communities and fatty acid profile in the rumen of sheep fed a diet containing added tannins. Applied and Environmental Microbiolohgy 2010; 76: 2549- 2555. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02583-09
16. AOAC International. Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC; 2000.
17. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and no starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 1991; 74: 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
18. Van Keulen J, Young BA. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 1977; 44: 282-287. doi: 10.2527/ jas1977.442282x
19. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Release 9.1.3. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute; 2004.
20. Titi HH, Al-Fataftah AR. Effect of supplementation with vegetable oil on performance of lactating Awassi ewes, growth of their lambs and on fatty acid profile of milk and blood of lambs. Archiv für Tierzucht 2013; 56 (45): 467-479. doi: 10.7482/0003-9438-56-045
21. Buccioni A, Pauselli M, Viti C, Minieri S, Pallara G et al. Milk fatty acid composition, rumen microbial population, and animal performances in response to diets rich in linoleic acid supplemented with chestnut or quebracho tannins in dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 2015; 98: 1145-1156. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8651
22. Toral PG, Shingfield KJ, Hervas G, Toivonen V, Frutos P. Effect of fish oil and sunflower oil on rumen fermentation characteristics and fatty acid composition of digesta in ewes fed a high concentrate diet. Journal of Dairy Science 2010; 93: 4804-4817. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3300
23. Martin C, Rouel J, Jouany JP, Doreau M, Chilliard Y. Methane output and diet digestibility in response to feeding dairy cows crude linseed, extruded linseed, or linseed oil. Journal of Animal Science 2015; 86: 2642-2650 doi: 10.2527/jas.2007- 0774
24. Aboagye IA, Oba M, Castillo AR, Koenig KM, Iwaasa AD et al. Effects of hydrolyzable tannin with or without condensed tannin on methane emissions, nitrogen use, and performance of beef cattle fed a high-forage diet. Journal of Animal Science 2018; 96 (12): 5276-5286. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky352
25. Sallam SMA, Attia MFA, Nour El-Din ANM, El-Zarkouny SZ, Saber AM et al. Involvement of Quebracho tannins in diet alters productive and reproductive efficiency of postpartum buffalo cows. Animal Nutrition 2018; 5 (1): 80-86. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.08.003
26. Naserian AA, Staples CR, Ghaffari MH. Effects of replacing wheat bran by pistachio skins on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and blood metabolites of dairy Saanen goats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2015; 100: 259-263. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12362
27. Bhatta R, Vaithiyanathan S, Singh NP, Shinde AK, Verma DL. Effect of feeding tree leaves as supplements on the nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation pattern in sheep grazing on semi-arid range of India – I. Small Ruminant Research 2005; 60: 273-280. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.01.009
28. Ueda K, Ferlay A, Chabrot J, Loor JJ, Chilliard Y et al. Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios. Journal of Dairy Science 2003; 86: 3999-4007. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022- 0302(03)74011-9
29. Ahnert S, Dickhoefer U, Schulz F, Susenbeth A. Influence of ruminal quebracho tannin extract infusion on apparent nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and urinary purine derivatives excretion in heifers. Livestock Science 2015; 177: 63-70. doi: /10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.004
30. Barry TN, Manley TR, Duncan SJ. The role of condensed tannin in the nutritional value of Lotus pedunculatus for sheep. 4. Sites of carbohydrate and protein digestion as influenced by dietary reactive tannin concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 1986; 55: 123-137. doi: 10.1079/BJN19860016
31. Barry TN, McNabb WC. The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition 1999; 81: 263-272. doi: 10.1017/S0007114599000501
32. Szczechowiak J, Szkudelska K, Szumacher-Strabel M, Sadkowski S, Gwozdz K et al. Blood hormones, metabolic parameters and fatty acid proportion in dairy cows fed condensed tannins and oils blend. Annals of Animal Science 2017; 18 (1): 155-166. doi: 10.1515/aoas-2017-0039
33. Desco M, Cano MJ, Duarte J, Rodriguez F, Fernandez-Caleya D et al. Blood biochemistry values of sheep (Ovis aries ligeriensis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 1989; 94 (4): 717-719.
34. Buccioni A, Pauselli M, Minieri S, Roscini V, Mannelli F et al. Chestnut or quebracho tannins in the diet of grazing ewes supplemented with soybean oil: effects on animal performances, blood parameters and fatty acid composition of plasma and milk lipids. Small Ruminant Research 2017; 153: 23-30. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.05.006
35. Mohamed GAE. Investigation of some enzymes level in blood and milk serum in two stages of milk yield dairy cows at Assiut city. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal 2014; 60 (142): 110- 120.