Shivendra Kumar DIXIT, Rajendra Kumar MEENA, Fateh SINGH, Ganesh Gangaram SONAWANE, Jyoti KUMAR, Bhupendra Nath TRIPATHI

Antimicrobial resistance and phenotypic and molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases among extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolated from pneumonic and septicemic sheep and goats in Rajasthan, India

The present study was planned to isolate Escherichia coli from pneumonic and septicemic sheep and goats and to determineantimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of the isolates and evaluate them for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)using the phenotypic and molecular methods. Pneumonic lung tissues and heart blood samples were collected by performing necropsyon sheep (n = 96) and goats (n = 08). The samples were processed and used for bacterial isolation. E. coli isolates (n = 58) including53 from 34 sheep and 5 from 3 goats were recovered and identified by the cultural and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNAsequencing. The isolates were tested to ascertain AMR pattern, plasmid features, and ESBL production. The highest rate of resistance(65.5%) was recorded against amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin. Eighteen (31%) out of 58 isolates showed the ESBLphenotype by combination disk assay. There was a variability in the number (1–5) and size (2 to >20 kb) of plasmids among isolates.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification revealed the presence of blaTEM (70.6%) and blaSHV (1.7%) genes. PCR specificity wasconfirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The present study indicates that the extraintestinal and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strainswere associated with pneumonia and/or septicemia in sheep and goats. Therefore, thorough surveillance and monitoring of MDRbacteria are urgently needed to implement the infection control strategies and to restore the efficacy of available antibiotics.

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