Jelena APIC, Nevena MAKSIMOVIC, Dragana RUZIC-MUSLIC, Igor STOJANOV, Aleksandar MILOVANOVIC, Radomir RATAJAC, Milica ZIVKOV BALOS

The application of EDTA-Tris and chlorhexidine in the treatment of endometritis as a replacement for antibiotic therapy in cows

The treatment of reproductive disorders is based on the use of the available antibiotics or antiseptic agents. Prolonged orinadequate antibiotic treatment contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistances, while the use of antiseptics, particularly inhigh concentrations, leads to endometrial lesions and prolonging of the service period. The present study included monitoring of: 1)reproductive disorders of cows; 2) cytological, morphological, and bacteriological laboratory analyses; 3) susceptibility testing of isolatedbacterial and reference strains to the EDTA-Tris (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid-hydroxymethyl aminomethane) and chlorhexidine(CHX); and 4) an estimate of the time before onset of the new sexual cycle. The aim of the research was to determine whether thecombination of EDTA-Tris and CHX in concentrations that are not harmful to the endometrium may result in the satisfactory treatmentof sick animals and provide optimal service periods of reproductively active animals. Research results of in vitro and in vivo analysisshowed that by using the combination of EDTA-Tris and CHX bactericidal effects were achieved at lower concentrations in comparisonwith the concentrations that had the same effect in the absence of EDTA-Tris. The application of CHX in a concentration of 0.05% inthe treatment of endometritis 10 min after infusion of EDTA-Tris solution had a positive effect on both the involution of the uterus andacutization of chronic inflammatory processes, and it was also economically advantageous when compared to the cost of treatment andthe possible presence of residues in the products.

PDF

___

1. Dimitrijević V. Lečenje reproduktivnih poremećaja visokomlečnih krava terapeutskim postupcima i poređenje efikasnosti primenjenih terapija. Thesis, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, 2004 (in Serbian).
2. Milovanović A. Study of functional neutrophils activity and progesterone profile influence on development of disorders in cows reproduction. PhD, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, 2014 (in Serbian with an English summary).
3. Vaara M. Agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 395-411.
4. Mcdonnell G, Russell DA. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999; 12: 147-179.
5. Petrujkić T, Petrujkić B, Jeremić I. Treatment of endometritis and disorders in puerperium with usage of matters without withdrawal period in dairy cows. Lucrari Stiintifice Medicina Veterinara 2008; 10: 176-181.
6. Reading AD, Rooney P, Taylor GJ. Quantitative assessment of the effect of 0.05% chlorhexidine on rat articular cartilage metabolism in vitro and in vivo. J Orthop Res 2000; 18: 762-767.
7. Ratajac R, Milovanović A, Žekić-Stoić M, Barna T, Mihaljev Ž, Prodanov-Radulović J, Stojanović D. Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) - determination of phytoestrogen activity, basic nutrient content and its potential as a forage for small ruminant. In: Proceedings of XVI International Congress Feed technology; 2014; Novi Sad, Serbia. pp. 130-136.
8. Donsì F, Annunziata M, Sessa M, Ferrari G. Nanoencapsulation of essential oils to enhance their antimicrobial activity in foods. LWT - Food Sci Technol 2011; 44: 1908-1914.
9. Žekić-Stoić M, Ratajac R, Milovanović A, Petrović J, Stojanov I, Apić J. Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens to iodine-lithium complex in vitro. In: Proceedings of First International Symposium of Veterinary Medicine One Health - New Challenges; 2015; Vrdnik, Serbia. pp. 473-478.
10. Farca MA, Piromalli G, Maffei F, Re G. Potentiating effect of EDTA-Tris on the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria associated with otitis, dermatitis and cystitis. J Small Anim Pract 1997; 38: 243-245.
11. Guardabassi L, Ghibaudo G, Damborg P. In vitro antimicrobial activity of a commercial ear antiseptic containing chlorhexidine and TrisEDTA. Vet Dermatol 2009; 21: 282-286.
12. Farca AM, Nebbia P, Robino P, Re G. Effects of the combination antibiotic-EDTA Tris in the treatment of chronic bovine endometritis caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Pharmacol Res 1997; 36: 35-39.
13. Banin E, Brady MK, Greenberg PE. Chelator-induced dispersal and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a biofilm. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72: 2064-2069.
14. Abbes I, Rihouey C, Hardouin J, Dé E, Jouenne T, Alexandre S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces phosphatidyltris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and derivatives when grown in Tris-buffered medium. BBA-Mol Cell Biol L 2016; 1861: 703-714.
15. Gilbert RO, Shin ST, Guard CL, Erb HN, Frajblat N. Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2005; 64: 1879-1888.
16. Hemeida NA, Gustafsson BK, Whitmore HL. Therapy of uterine infections: alternatives to antibiotics. In: Morrow DA, editor. Current Therapy in Theriogenology: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Reproductive Diseases in Small and Large Animals. Philadelphia, PA, USA: USA: Saunders; 1986. pp. 45-47.
17. Kaufmann TB, Drillich M, Tenhagen BA, Forderung D, Heuwieser W. Prevalence of bovine subclinical endometritis 4 h after insemination and its effects on first service conception rate. Theriogenology 2009; 71: 385-391.