Nazha LAKRAM, El Haj El MAADOUDI, Rachid KABBOUR, Sana MOUTIK, Ikram MERCHA, Abdelmjid ZOUAHRI, Abdellah El HOUSNI, Ahmed DOUAIK, Mariam NACIRI

Effects of the inclusion of detoxified argan press cake in the diet of dairy goats on milk production and milk quality

This study was carried out to assess the effect of the incorporation of detoxified argan press cake on milk yield, physicochemicalcomposition, and microbial quality of raw Alpine goat milk produced in the Meskala-Essaouira region of southwestern Morocco.The detoxification method, adopted for the removal of saponin present in the argan press cake, succeeded in reducing these antinutrientsfrom 4.56 to 0.4 mg/g, allowing it to be used as livestock feed. The average of milk production increased by 24% for the detoxifiedargan press cake (DAPC) group compared to the argan press cake and local diet groups. The diets and lactation stages had a significanteffect (P < 0.05) on fat, protein, total solids, and salt in milk. Lactation stage and diet also had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on saponinconcentrations in goat milk. Microbiological analysis showed that microbial flora of raw goat milk samples decreased with lactationstage. In terms of performance, DAPC could replace a conventional diet for goats without substantial detrimental effects.

PDF

___

1. Zaaraoui L, Ounine K, Elhamdani M, Benali A, Oukassou M, Bouksaim M. Evaluation and Selection of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria as starter cultures from goat’s raw milk. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 2016; 7: 16-21.
2. Bendaou M, Ait Omar MB. Une nouvelle technologie d’alimentation utilisant des cactus pour l’engraissement des ovins : Application dans des petites exploitations de la région de Rhamna, Maroc. In: Proceedings of the Joint Seminar of the Subnet works on Nutrition and on Production Systems of the FAO-CIHEAM Network for Research and Development in Sheep and Goats. Tangier, Morocco: Options Méditerranéens, Series A; 2013. pp. 279-284 (in French).
3. Costa RG, Filho MB, Queiroga RE, Madruga MS, Medeiros AN, Oliveira JB. Chemical composition of milk from goats fed with cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) in substitution to corn meal. Small Rumi Res 2010; 94: 214-217.
4. Bendaou M, El Housni A, Saadi A, Mouhaddach A, Abouali M. Utilisation des sous produits de l’arganier (Argania spinosa) dans l’engraissement des ovins. In: Proceedings of the 2011 Argan International Congress. Agadir, Morocco; 2011. p. 26 (in French).
5. Charrouf Z, Pioch D. Valorisation du fruit d’arganier et Huile d’argan : qualité, diversification. In: Proceedings of Project UE/ MEDA/ADS: Appui à l’amélioration de la situation de l’emploi de la femme rurale et gestion durable de l’arganeraie dans le sud-ouest du Maroc; 2009. p. 18 (in French).
6. Charrouf Z. Valorisation des produits de l’arganier pour une gestion durable des zones arides du sud-ouest marocain. In: Proceedings of 4th Seminar of Produits naturels d’origine végétale; 1998. pp. 195-209 (in French).
7. El Maadoudi EH, El Housni A. Grain de lupin doux et amer dans des rations pour ovins en croissance- engraissement. In: Proceedings of the Joint Seminar of the Subnet Works on Nutrition and on Production Systems of the FAO-CIHEAM Network for Research and Development in Sheep and Goats. Tangier, Morocco: Options Méditerranéens; 2013. pp. 103-107 (in French).
8. Charrouf Z, Wieruzeski JM, Fkih-Tetouani S, Leroy Y, Charrouf M, Fournet B. Triterpenoid saponins from Argania spinosa. Phytochemistry 1992; 31: 2079-2086.
9. Das TK, Banerjee D, Chakraborty D, Pakhira MC, Shrivastava B, Kuhad RC. Saponin: role in animal system. Vet World 2012; 5: 248-254.
10. Gogoi R, Niyogi UK, Tyagi AK. Method of detoxification of jatrophacurcas L. seed cake for its use as protein supplement in animal feed-An overview. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 2015; 6: 176-182.
11. El Hadi A. Qualification du Chevreau de l’Arganeraie : Valorisation du Système de Production et Interaction avec l’Espace Forestier. Rabat, Morocco: Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II; 2012 (in French).
12. El Khettabi A, Benider M. Les caprins laitiers et le développement de l’élevage oasien. In: Proceedings of Acte des 1ére journées de recherche sur les ruminants organisées par INRA; Rabat, Morocco; 2012. pp. 43-46 (in French).
13. El-Hamdani M, Mouhaddach A, El Housni A, Bendaou M, Douaik A, Ounine K, Bouksaim M. Hygienic quality of bovine raw milk samples from Oulmes local breeds in Morocco. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 2016; 7: 56-59.
14. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis International, 17th ed. Washington, DC, USA: AOAC; 2000.
15. El-Hamdani M, Zaaraoui L, El Housni A, Bendaou M, Douaik A, Zouahri A, Ounine K, Bouksaim M. Seasonal effect on bovine raw milk composition of Oulmes local race in Morocco. Food Science and Quality Management 2016; 52: 49-55.
16. Charrouf Z. Valorisation d’Argania spinosa (L.) Sapotaceae: Etude de la composition chimique et de l’activité biologique du tourteau et de l’extrait lipidique de la pulpe. Rabat, Morocco: Mohammed V University; 1991 (in French).
17. Hiai S, Oura H, Nakajima T. Color reaction of some sapogenins and saponins with vanillin sulfuric acid. Planta Medica 1976; 29: 116-122.
18. Heng L, Vincken JP, Hoppe K, Koningsveld GA, Decroos K, Gruppen H, Boekel JS, Voragen AGJ. Stability of pea DDMP saponin and the mechanism of its decomposition. Food Chem 2006; 99: 326-334.
19. Shi J, Jun Xue S, Ma Y, Li D, Kakuda Y, La Y. Kinetic study of saponins B stability in navy beans under different processing conditions. J Food Eng 2009; 93: 59-65.
20. Mouhaddach A, El Hamdani M, Hassikou R, El Housni A, Zouahri A, Bendaou M. Effet d’un ensilage à base de fruits de cactus sur les performances laitières des brebis de race Sardi. In: Proceedings of the Joint Seminar of the Subnet works on Nutrition and on Production Systems of the FAO-CIHEAM Network for Research and Development in Sheep and Goats. Montepellier, France: Options Méditerranéennes; 2016. pp. 207-212 (in French).
21. Zamberlin S, Antunac N, Havranek J, Samaržija D. Mineral elements in milk and dairy products. Mljekarstvo 2012; 62: 111-125.
22. Lefrileux Y, Raynaud S, Morge S, Barral J, Gauzere Y, Doutart E, Laithier C. Influence de deux systèmes d’alimentation sur la production et la composition du lait de chèvres hautes productrices et incidences technologiques en fabrication fermière lactique. Renc Rech Ruminants 2009; 16: 139-142 (in French).
23. Kouniba A, Berrada M, El Marakchi A. Étude comparative de la composition chimique du lait de chèvre de la race locale Marocaine et la race alpine et évaluation de leur aptitude fromagère. Revue Méd Vét 2007; 158: 152-160 (in French).
24. Picoli SU, Bessa MC, Castagna SMF, Gottardi CPT, Schmidt V, Cardoso M. Quantificac ão de coliformes, Staphylococcus aureus e mesófilos presentes em diferentes etapas da produc¸ ão de queijo frescal de leite de cabra em laticínios. Cien Tecnol Alim 2006; 26: 64-69 (in Portuguese).
25. Araba A, Benjelloun S, Hamama A, Hamimaz R, Zahar M. Organisation de la filière laitière au Maroc. Revue Méd Vét 2001; 32: 47-62 (in French).
26. Morgan F, Massouras T, Barbosa M, Roseiro L, Ravasco F, Kandarakis I, Bonnin V, Fistakoris M, Anifantakis E, Jaubert G et al. Characteristics of goat milk collected from small and medium enterprises in Greece, Portugal and France. Small Rumi Res 2003; 47: 39-49.
27. Zantar S, Boujnah M, Toukour EA, Hassani ZM, Bakkali M, Laglaoui A. Caractérisation du lait de chèvre du Nord du Maroc. Revue Méd Vét 2016; 115: 509- 515 (in French).
28. El Marnissi B, Belkhou R, El Ouali Lalami A, Bennani L. Microbiological and physicochemical characterization of raw milk and some Moroccan traditional dairy derivatives (Lben and Jben). Les technologies de laboratoire 2013; 33: 100-111.
29. Noutfia Y, Zantar S, Ibnelbachyr M. Caractéristiques physicochimiques du lait et du fromage des chèvres Draa et Alpine. In: Proceedings of Acte des 1ére journées de recherche sur les ruminants organisées par INRA; Rabat, Morocco; 2012. pp. 163-169 (in French).
30. Mayer HK, Fiechter G. Physical and chemical characteristics of sheep and goat milk in Austria. Int Dairy J 2012; 24: 57-63.
31. Aguiar SC, Cottica SM, Boeing JS, Samensari RB, Santos GT, Visentainer JV, Zeoula LM. Effect of feeding phenolic compounds from propolis extracts to dairy cows on milk production, milk fatty acid composition, and the antioxidant capacity of milk. Anim Feed Sci Tech 2014; 193: 148-154.
32. Wang B, Tu Y, Zhao SP, Hao YH, Liu JX, Liu FH, Xiong BH, Jiang LS. Effect of tea saponins on milk performance, milk fatty acids, and immune function in dairy cow. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100: 1-10.
33. Walstra P, Wouters JTM, Geurts TJ. Dairy Science and Technology. Abingdon, UK: Taylor and Francis; 2006.
34. Park YW, Juarez M, Ramos M, Haenlein GFW. Physicochemical characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Rumi Res 2007; 68: 88-113.