Effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed consumption, and body composition in juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima Linnaeus, 1758) at low temperature

Yavru kalkan balıkları, Psetta maxima, (Linnaeus, 1758), (15,23 ± 2,99 g) ticari ekstrüde yemle; her gün (TD), günaşırı (EOD) ve iki günde bir (TDI) olmak üzere, iki kez 60 gün süresince doyuncaya kadar yemlenmiştir. Balıklar 21 Ocak-23 Mart 2004 tarihleri boyunca deniz suyunda ( $permil$ 18), 5-7,5 °C 'de tutulmuştur. Yem dönüşüm oranı (FCR) 1,12-1,14 ve protein verimlilik oranı (PER) 2,26-2,29 arasında kaydedilmiştir. Maksimum oransal büyüme oranı, ağırlık kazancı ve spesifik büyüme oranı TD grubunda kaydedilirken, bu değerler EOD ve TDI gruplarında daha düşük bulunmuştur. Spesifik büyüme oranı (SGR) ve oransal büyüme oranının (RGR) ikisi de yemleme frekansının artışıyla artış göstermiştir. Yemleme frekansı balıkların kimyasal kompozisyonunu etkilemiştir. Balıkların yağ ve protein içerikleri her gün iki kez yemlenen TD grubunda artış göstermiştir. SGR ve RGR değerlerine bakılarak, Karadeniz kalkan balığı için en iyi büyüme oranının, 5-7,5 °C su sıcaklığında, her gün iki kez (TD) ve günaşırı iki kez (EOD) yemlemeden elde edildiği sonucuna varılabilir.

Yemleme frekansının düşük sıcaklıktaki kalkan balığı (Psetta maxima Linnaeus, 1758) yavrularında büyüme, yem tüketimi ve vücut kompozisyonu üzerine etkileri

Juvenile turbot Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, 1758) (15.23 ± 2.99 g) were fed to satiation with a commercial extruded feed over a 60-day period. Feeding regimens were twice a day (TD), every other day (EOD), and 2-day intervals (TDI). Fish were kept in seawater (18 ppt) at 5-7.5 °C from January 21 to March 23, 2004. Feed conversion rate (FCR) and the protein efficiency ratios (PER) were within the ranges of 1.12-1.14 and 2.26-2.29, respectively. While the maximum relative growth rate (RGR), weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) were recorded in the TD group, they were lower in the EOD and TDI groups. Both the SGR and RGR increased as feeding frequency increased. The feeding frequency influenced the chemical composition of the fish. Lipid and protein content of the fish increased in the TD group. In terms of SGR and RGR, it can be concluded that the best growth rates of Black Sea turbot cultured at 5-7.5 °C were obtained from the fish in the TD and EOD groups.

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