Mubashir ILYAS, Murtaza Ali TIPU, Maqsood AKHTAR, Muhammad Qamer SHAHID, Anjum KHALIQUE, Muhammad NAVEED-UL-HAQUE

Effect of chemical- and toxin binder-treated cotton seed cake on milk production, milk composition, and aflatoxin concentration in milk of Nili Ravi lactating buffaloes

Twelve multiparous Nili Ravi buffaloes were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments in a randomized, replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of chemical (calcium propionate)- and toxin binder (sodium bentonite)-treated cotton seed cake (CSC) on milk yield and transfer of milk toxin (M1 ). Periods (20 days) were allocated for each treatment. In the 1sttreatment (control), CSC with 100 µg/kg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) was fed to buffaloes. The 2nd and 3rd treatments were 0.5% calcium-propionate–treated CSC and 1.0% sodium-bentonite–treated CSC, respectively. Each group had 4 multiparous buffaloes. The buffaloes given 0.5% calcium propionate CSC had less M1 (0.29 µg/kg) in milk compared to the 1.0% sodium bentonite (0.30 µg/kg) treatment group. All treatments had an insignificant effect (P > 0.05) on CSC intake (4.62 kg), milk production (7.0 L per day), and milk composition. To conclude, oral intake of calcium propionate reduced the transfer of aflatoxin from rumen to milk.

PDF

___

1. Maki CR, Thomas AD, Elmore SE, Romoser AA, Harvey RB et al. Effect of Calcium montmorillonite, Clay and aflatoxin exposure on dry matter intake, milk production and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science 2016; 99(2): 1039-1046. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10242.
2. Peers F, Bosch X, Kaldor J, Linsell A, Pluijmen M. Aflatoxin exposure, hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer in Swaziland. International Journal of Cancer 1987; 39(5): 545- 553. doi: 10.1002/ijc2910390502
3. Government of Pakistan. Economic Survey of Pakistan, Ministry of Finance Economic Advisers Wing, Islamabad; 2017.
4. Jabbar MA, Anjum MI, Rehman S, Shahzad W. Comparative efficiency of sunflower meal and cotton seed cakes in the feed of crossbred calves for meat production. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 2006; 26: 126-128.
5. Weidenner M. Mycotoxins in feed stuffs. Springer Science Media 2012; 2(5): 190.
6. Yunus AW, Sulyok M, Bohm J. Mycotoxin cocktail in the samples of oilseed cake from early maturing cotton varieties associated with cattle feeding problems. Toxin (Basel) 2015; 7(6): 2188-2197. doi: 10.3390/toxins7062188
7. Kuilman MEM, Maas RFM, Judah DJ, Fink-Gremmels J. Bovine hepatic metabolism of aflatoxin B1 . Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry1998; 46(7): 2707-2713. doi: 10.1021/jf980062x
8. Kolossova A, Stroke J, Breiback A, Kroeger K, Ambrosio M et al. Evaluation of the effect of mycotoxin binders in animal feed on the analytical performance of standardized methods for the determination of mycotoxins in feed. JRC Science Technology Report 2009; EU, Brussels.
9. Jouany JP. Methods for preventing, decontaminating and minimizing the toxicity of mycotoxins in feeds. Animal Feed Science Technology 2007; 137: 342-362. doi: 10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2007.06.009
10. Rustom IYS. Aflatoxin in food and feed: Occurrence, legislation and inactivation by physical methods. Food Chemistry 1997; 59: 57-67.
11. Bullerman LB, Bianchini A. Stability of mycotoxins during food processing. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2007; 119: 140-146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.035
12. Giovati L, Walter M, Tecla C, Claudia S, Stefania C et al. AFM1 in Milk: Physical, biological and prophylactic methods to mitigate contamination. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7(10): 4330-4349. doi: 10.3390/toxins7104330
13. Oliviera CA, Corassin CH. Mycotoxins and their implications in food safety. Aflatoxins: 6-19. Unitec House, 2 Albert Place, London N3 1QB2014; UK.
14. Lee J, Her J, Lee K. Reduction of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) in soybean-based model systems. Food Chemistry 2015; 189: 45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.013
15. Doyle MP, Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Marth EH. Physical, chemical and biological degradation of mycotoxins in food and agricultural commodities. Journal of Food Protection 1982; 45: 946-971.
16. Fox DG, Tedeschi LO, Tylutki TP, Russell JB, Van Amburgh ME et al. The Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2004; 112: 29-78. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2003.10.006
17. Shahzad MA, Sarwar M, Nisa M. Influence of altering dietary cation anion difference on milk yield and its composition of early lactating niliravi buffaloes. Livestock Science 2008; 113: 133-143.
18. AOAC, International. Official Methods of Analysis, 17th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc. Arlington, Virginia, USA; 2000.
19. VanSoest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal’s nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 1991; 74: 3583-3597.
20. Dragacci S, Grosso F, Gilbert J. Immunoaffinity column cleanup with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxin M1 in liquid milk: collaborative study. Journal AOAC International2001; 84: 437-443.
21. SAS. SAS user’s guide. Version 6.12.SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC,USA; 1996.
22. Quiroz OCM, Han JH, Staples CR, Adesogan T. Effect of adding a mycotoxin-sequestering agent on milk aflatoxin M1 concentrtion and the performance and immune response of dairy cattle feed and aflatoxin B1 -contaminated diet. Journal of Dairy Science 2012; 95: 5901-5908. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-5287
23. Kutz RE, Sampson JD, Pompeu LKB, Ledoux DR, Spain JN et al. Efficacy of Solis, NovasilPlus and MTB-100 to reduce aflatoxin M1 levels in milk of early to mid-lactation dairy cows fed aflatoxin B1 . Journal of Dairy Science 2009; 92: 3959-3963. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2031
24. Sulzberger SA, Meinichenko S, Cardoso FC. Effects of Clay after an aflatoxin challenge on aflatoxin clearance, milk production and metabolism of Holstein Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2017; 100: 1856-1869. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11612
25. Pasha TN. Detoxification of aflatoxin by yeast sludge in the feed of dairy cattle and its impact on increased milk production. International Journal of Agriculture Veterinary Medicine Science 2008; 2: 18-26.
26. Smith EE, Phillips TD, Ellis JA, Harvey RB, Kubena LF et al. Dietary hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate reduction of aflatoxin M1 residue in dairy goat milk and effects on milk production and components. Journalof Animal Science1994; 72: 677-682. doi: 10.2527/1994.723677x
27. Firmin S, Morgavi DP, Yiannikouris A, BoudraH. Effectiveness of modified yeast cell wall extracts to reduce aflatoxin B1, absorption in dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Science 2011; 94: 5611-5619. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4446
28. Battacone G, Nudda A, Rassu SPG, Decandia M, Pulina G. Excretion pattern of aflatoxin M1 . Journal of Dairy Science 2012; 95: 2656-2661. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-5003
29. Harvey R, Phillips TD, Ellis JA, Kubena LF, Huff WE et al. Effects of aflatoxin M1 residues in milk by addition of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to aflatoxin contaminated diets of dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research1991; 52: 1556-1559.
30. Xiong JL, Wang YM, Nennich TD, Li Y, Liu JX. Transfer of dietary aflatoxin B1 to milk aflatoxin M1 and effect of inclusion of adsorbent in the diet of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2015; 98: 2545-2554. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7842
31. Kiyothong K, RowlinsonP,Wanapson M, Khampa S. Effect of mycotoxin deactivator product supplementation on dairy cows. Animal Production Science 2012; 52(9): 832. doi: 10.1071/an11205
32. StanfordK, Swift ML, WangY, McAllister TA, McKinnon J et al. Effects of feeding a mycotoxin binder on nutrient digestibility, alkaloid recovery in faeces and performance of lambs fed diets contaminated with cereals. Toxin 2018; 10: 1-10.