Thirunavukkarasu SBALAMURUGAN, Pushpendra KUMAR, Kush SHRIVASTAVA, Chinmoy MISHRA, Om PRAKASH, Amit KUMAR, Anuj CHAUHAN, Nihar Ranjan SAHOO, Manjit PANIGRAHI, Bharat BHUSHAN, Arvind PRASAD, Ilayakumar KAVERIYAPPAN, Sharavanan VELUSAMY

Caprine MHC gene polymorphism and its association with endoparasitic infestation (Haemonchus contortus) in Indian goat breeds

Abstract: The present study examined the variability of MHC class II DRB exon 2 gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR-amplified fragments PCR-(RFLP), and its association with Haemonchus contortus infestation in Salem Black and Tellicherry goat population. Animals were naturally exposed to mixed infestation of endoparasites, predominantly Haemonchus contortus. Pooled fecal coproculture and larval identification showed predominant presence of haemonchus (L3) larva. Fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) were used as indicator traits. All the three studied loci, TaqI, BsaI, and BsaHI, were polymorphic having two alleles and three genotypes. The loci showed low to moderate values of polymorphic information content in both breeds. The mean fecal egg count estimates were 477.12 ± 34.14 and 730.42 ± 41.19 eggs per gram of feces for Salem Black and Tellicherry goats, respectively. The mean PCV values were within the normal range in both breeds; however, they showed negative correlation with FEC values. There was variation among genotypes in mean values of FEC and PCV for all loci; however, the effect of genotypes on indicator traits was found to be statistically nonsignificant (P ≤ 0.05).Key words: Endoparasite, goat, MHC gene, PCR-RFLP, polymorphism

PDF

___

1. Emery DL, Hunt PW, Le Jambre LF. Haemonchus contortus: the then and now, and where to from here? International Journal of Parasitology 2016; 46: 755-769.
2. Papadopoulos E, Gallidis E, Ptochos S. Anthelmintic resistance in sheep in Europe: a selected review. Veterinary Parasitology 2012; 189: 85-88.
3. Zvinorova PI, Halimani TE, Muchadeyi FC, Matika O, Riggio V et al. Breeding for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes – the potential in low-input/ output small ruminant production systems. Veterinary Parasitology 2016; 225: 19-28.
4. Pleasance J, Raadsma HW, Estuningsih SE, Widjajanti S, Meeusen E et al. Innate and adaptive resistance of Indonesian thin tail sheep to liver fluke: A comparative analysis of Fasciolagigantica and Fasciola hepatica infection. Veterinary Parasitology 2011; 178 (3-4): 264-272.
5. Bishop SC. Possibilities to breed for resistance to nematode parasite infections in small ruminants in tropical production systems. Animal 2012; 6 (05): 741-747.
6. Chiejina SN, Behnke JM. The unique resistance and resilience of the Nigerian West African Dwarf goat to gastrointestinal nematode infections. Parasitology Vectors 2011; 4: 12.
7. Chiejina SM, Behnke JM, Fakae BB. Haemonchotolerance in West African Dwarf goats: contribution to sustainable, anthelmintics-free helminth control in traditionally managed Nigerian dwarf goats. Parasite 2015; 22: 7.
8. Singh D, Swarnkar CP, Kumar S, Prince LLL, Arora AL. Performance of Avikalin sheep selected for resistance to Haemonchus contortus. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 2009; 23 (1): 23-27.
9. Rout PK, Chauhan KK, Matika O, Bishop SC. Exploring the genetic resistance to natural gastrointestinal nematode infection in Indian goats. Veterinary Parasitology 2011; 180 (3- 4): 315-322.
10. Yadav CL, Grewal HS, Banerjee DP. Susceptibility of two crossbreeds of sheep to Haemonchus contortus. International Journal of Parasitology 1993; 23 (6): 819-822.
11. Singh D, Swarnkar CP. Influence of sheep breeds on the susceptibility to strongyle infection in Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Animal Science 2014; 84 (2): 120-126.
12. Beh KJ, Maddox JF. Prospects for development of genetic markers for resistance to gastrointestinal parasite infection in sheep. International Journal of Parasitology 1996; 26(8-9): 879- 897.
13. Karrow NA, Goliboski K, Stonos N, Schenkel F, Peregrine A. Review: Genetics of helminth resistance in sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 2013; 94 (1): 1-9.
14. Li MH, Li K, Kantanen J, Feng Z, Fan B et al. Allelic variations in exon 2 of caprine MHC class II DRB3 gene in Chinese indigenous goats. Small Ruminant Research 2006; 66 (1): 236- 243.
15. Takada T, Kikkawa Y, Yonekawa H, Amano T. Analysis of goat MHC class II DRA and DRB genes identification of the expressed gene and new DRB alleles. Immunogenetics 1998; 48: 408-412.
16. Schwaiger FW, Maddox J, Ballingall K, Buitkamp J, Crawford AM et al. The major histocompatibility complex region of domestic animal species. Florida, USA: CRC press; 1996; p. 121-176.
17. Tizard IR. Veterinary Immunology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders; 2004.
18. Dukkipati VSR, Blair HT, Garrick DJ, Murray A. ‘Ovar-Mhc‘- Ovine major histocompatibility complex: Role in genetic resistance to diseases. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 2006; 54 (4): 153-160.
19. Sayers G, Hanrahan JP, Good B, Ryan M, Angles JM et al. Major histocompatibility complex DRB1 locus: Its role in nematode resistance in Suffolk and Texel sheep breeds. Parasitology 2005; 131 (3): 403-409.
20. Baghizadeh A, Bahaaddini M, Mohamadabadi MR, Askari N. Allelic variations in exon 2 of Caprine MHC Class II DRB3 Gene in Raeini Cashmere goat. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environment Science 2009; 6 (4): 454-459.
21. Khobra V, Gupta SC, Gopal GR, Narayanan K, Sharma AAK et al. Major Histocompatibility class II DRB3 exon 2 polymorphism and resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in Jamunapari goats. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 2012; 26 (2): 108-111.
22. Shrivastava K, Kumar P, Khan MF, Sahoo NR, Prakash O et al. Exploring the molecular basis of resistance/ susceptibility to mixed natural infection of Haemonchus contortus in tropical Indian goat breed. Veterinary Parasitology 2018; 262: 6-10.
23. Shrivastava K, Kumar P, Sahoo NR, Kumar A, Khan MF et al. Genotyping of major histocompatibility complex Class II DRB gene in Rohilkhandi goats by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing, Veterinary World. 2015; 8 (10): 1183-1188.
24. Prakash O, Kumar P, Shrivastava K, Thirunavukkarasu SB, Sahoo NR et al. Novel Polymorphism at exon 2 of caprine MHC class II DRB3 gene in Marwari goats. Journal of Animal Research 2017; 7 (4): 623-627.
25. Jamshidi R, Brujeni GN, Derakhshandeh A, Talebnia R. Exon 2 Ovar-DRB1 gene polymorphism in the Iranian Sangsari sheep. International Journal Veterinary Research 2011; 5 (1): 59-62.
26. Gibbons LM, Jacobs DE. Fox MT, Hansen J. Larval culture. The RVC/FAO Guide to Veterinary Diagnostic Parasitology. 2015; The Royal Veterinary College, UK.
27. MAFF. Manual of Veterinary Parasitological Laboratory Techniques, Fisheries and Food, 1986; Vol. 418, Ministry of Agriculture, HMSO, London, pp. 52.
28. Feldman FB, Zinki GJ, Jain CN. Schalms Veterinary Hematology. 5th ed. Canada: Lea and Fabiger; 2000.
29. Sambrook J, Russell DW. Molecular cloning a laboratory Manual. 2001. 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
30. Amills M, Francino O, Sanchez A. A PCR-RFLP typing method for the caprine MHC class II DRB gene. Veterinary Immunology Immunopathology 1990; 55: 255-260.
31. Dongxiao S, Yuan Z. Polymorphisms of the second exon of MHC-DRB gene in Chinese local sheep and goat. Biochemical Genetics 2004; 42 (9/10): 385-390.
32. Sankhyan V, Thakur YP, Dogra PK. Genotyping of MHC class II DRB3 gene using PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing in small ruminant breeds of Western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Journal Animal Research 2019; B-3706.
33. Singh PK, Singh SV, Singh MK, Saxena VK, Singh AV et al. Genetic analysis of MHC Class II DRB gene in an endangered Jamunapari breed of goats. Indian Journal of Biotechnology 2012; 11 (2): 220-223.
34. Sheikh FD, Bhattacharya TK, Kumar P, Sharma A. DRB3.2 gene polymorphism and its association with pashmina production in Changthangi goat. International Journal of Immunogenetics 2006; 33 (4): 271-276.
35. Baghizadeh A, Bahaaddini M, Mohamadabadi MR, Askari N. Allelic variations in exon 2 of caprine MHC class II DRB3 gene in Raeini Cashmere goat. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 2009; 6 (4): 454-459.
36. Ahmed S, Othman OE. A PCR_RFLP method for that analysis of Egyptian goat MHC Class II DRB Gene. Biotechnology 2006; 5 (1): 58-61.
37. Zhao Y, Xu H, Shi L, Zhang J. Polymorphisms in Exon 2 of MHC Class II DRB3 Gene of 10 Domestic Goats in Southwest China. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2011; 24 (6): 752- 756.
38. Gruszczynska J, Brokowska K, Charon KM, Swiderek WP. Restriction fragment length polymorphism of exon 2 OvarDRB1 gene in Polish Heath Sheep and Polish Lowland Sheep. Journal of Applied Genetics 2004; 46: 311-314.
39. Gauly M, Erhardt G. Genetic resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasites in Rhon sheep following natural infection. Veterinary Parasitology 2001; 102: 253-259.
40. Saddiqi HA, Sarwar M, Iqbal Z, Nisa M, Shahzad MA. Markers/ parameters for the evaluation of natural resistance status of small ruminants against gastrointestinal nematodes. Animal 2012; 6 (6): 994-1004.
41. Yadav NK, Mandal A, Sharma DK, Rout PK, Roy R. Genetic studies on faecal egg counts and packed cell volume following natural Haemonchus contortus infection and their relationships with liveweight in Muzaffarnagari sheep. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2006; 19 (11): 1524-1528.
42. Saddiqi HA, Iqbal Z, Khan MN, Muhammad G. Comparative resistance of sheep breeds to Haemonchus contortus in a natural pasture infection. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2010; 12: 739-773.
43. Li RY, Hui WQ, Jia B, Shi GQ, Zhao ZS et al. The relationship between MHC-DRB1 gene second exon polymorphism and hydatidosis resistance of Chinese merino (Sinkiang Junken type), Kazakh and Duolang sheep. Parasite 2011; 18: 163-169.
44. Shen H, Han G, Jia B, Jiang S, Du Y. MHC-DRB1/DQB1 Gene polymorphism and its association with resistance/susceptibility to cystic echinococcosis in Chinese Merino sheep. Journal of Parasitology Research 2014; 272601: 1-7.
45. Valilou RH, Rafat SA, Notter DR, Shojda D, Moghaddam G et al. Fecal egg counts for gastrointestinal nematodes are associated with a polymorphism in the MHC-DRB1 gene in the Iranian Ghezel sheep breed. Frontiers in Genetics 2015; 6 (105): 1-11.