Caferî Hukukunda İflas

Bu çalışma, Caʽferî fıkhı perspektifinden İslam’da iflâs hususunu incelemektedir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle ‘iflâs’ teriminin anlamı açıklanmaktadır. Ardından, ‘iʽsâr’ ve iflâs arasındaki bağlantı göz önünde bulundurularak, iflâs ve i’sâr arasındaki ilişki ve aralarındaki farklar açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, makalenin ele aldığı ana konular, iflas kararının verilmesi için gerekli koşullar ve bunun borçlu ve alacaklılar üzerindeki etkileridir. Aynı zamanda iflâsa dair İslamî ve Şiî fıkhî hükümlerin “borçlu dostu” olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca makalede, İslam’daki iflâs anlayışı ile Batı ülkelerinde geçerli yasalar arasındaki benzerlikleri ortaya koymak için Şiî kaynaklar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

İslam Hukuku, Caferî Hukuku, İflâs, İʽsâr, Şiî fıkhı

Bankruptcy in Ja’farī Jurisprudence

The study examines bankruptcy in Islam from the perspective of the Ja'farī school of jurisprudence. To this end, it first describes the meaning of the term ‘iflās’ (bankruptcy). Then, considering the connection between ‘i’sār’ (insolvency) and iflās, the article elucidates the relationship between iflās and i’sār as well as the differences between them. However, the main issues the paper deals with are the conditions required for the issuance of the bankruptcy judgment and its effects on the debtor and the creditors. Meanwhile, it seeks to show that the provisions of Islamic and Shiite bankruptcy laws are debtor-friendly. Moreover, the article explores the Shiite resources in order to demonstrate the similarities between Islamic bankruptcy and the prevailing laws in Western countries.

Keywords:

Islamic Law Ja’fari Jurisprudence, iflās, i’sār, bankruptcy, Shiite law,

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