Isparta il merkezinde yaşayan yaşlı hipertansif hastaların fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumunu belirleyen etmenler: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Isparta il merkezinde yaşayan yaşlı ve hipertansif hastalarda fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumu ve bunları belirleyen etmenlerin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Kesitsel tipteki çalışmanın evreni Isparta il merkezinde yaşayan 65 yaş ve üzeri hipertansiyon hastalarıdır. Araştırmanın örnek büyüklüğü 447 kişi olarak belirlenmiştir ve örnek büyüklüğü fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumu için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. 411 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşma oranı %91.9’dur. Araştırmanın bağımlı değişkenleri fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumu, bağımsız değişkenleri sosyodemografik ve hipertansiyonla ilgili özelliklerdir. Veri yüz-yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Verinin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, minimum ve maksimum değerler, Ki-kare, Fisher’in kesin testi, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, Mann-Whitney U, ANOVA, Lojistik ve Çoklu Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Fizik aktivite uyumu %43.6, diyet uyum puanı ortalaması ise 5.3±0.9 bulunmuştur. Fiziksel aktivite uyumu erkeklerde 3.58 kat (p <0.001, %95 GA= 2.18-5.88), düzenli sağlık kontrolüne gidenlerde 2.01 kat (p = 0.004, %95 GA = 1.25-3.23), sağlık algısı iyi/çok iyi olan grupta 5.84 kat (p <0.001, %95 GA = 3.28-10.40), hipertansiyon dışında komorbiditesi olmayan grupta 2.49 kat (p = 0.008, %95 GA= 1.26-4.92), 1-2 yandaş hastalığı olan grupta 2.21 kat (p = 0.008, %95 GA = 1.22-3.98), 65-69 yaş grubunda 75 yaş ve üzeri gruba göre 2.10 kat (p = 0.013, %95 GA= 1.16-3.79), normal VKİ'de obezlere göre 2.72 kat (p = 0.002, %95 GA = 1.46-5.05), fazla kilolularda obezlere göre 2.41 kat (p = 0.002, %95 GA= 1.37-4.21) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Çoklu regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, düzenli sağlık kontrollerine gitme (p=0.002) ve polifarmasi (p=0.016) değişkenlerinin diyet uyumu üzerine etkisi anlamlıdır. Sonuç: Isparta il merkezinde yaşayan yaşlı hipertansiyon hastalarında fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumu düşüktür. Fizik aktivite ve diyet uyumunu artırmak için hipertansiyonda ilaç dışı tedavinin olumlu etkileriyle ilgili farkındalığın artırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yaşlı, Hipertansiyon, Fizik Aktivite, Diyet, Hasta Uyumu

An evaluation of the diet and physical activity compliance of elderly hypertensive patients in Isparta city centre: A cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aimed to determine factors related to physical activity and dietary compliance in hypertensive elders living in Isparta. Method: This cross-sectional study included a population living in Isparta city aged >65 years with hypertensive symptoms diagnosed at least 3 months ago. A total of 411 patients were included, with an attainment rate of 91.9% according to the sample size. Dependent variables were physical activity and dietary compliance, and independent variables were sociodemographic and hypertension characteristics. Data was collected using face to face interviews. The chi square test, Fisher’s exact test, independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, ANOVA, logistic and multiple regression analyses were used for data evaluation. Results: Physical activity compliance was 43.6%, and dietary compliance scores were 5.3 ± 0.9 SD. Physical activity compliance was higher; 3.58 times (p <0.001, 95% CI = 2.18-5.88) in males, 2.01 times (p = 0.004, 95% CI = 1.25-3.23) in patients with regular health checks, 5.84 times (p <0.001, 95% CI = 3.28-10.40) in the group with good/very good health perception, 2.49 times (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.26-4.92) in the group with no comorbidities other than hypertension, 2.21 times (p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.22-3.98) in the group with 1-2 concomitant diseases, 2.10 times (p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.16-3.79) in the 65-69 age group compared to the 75 years and over group, 2.72 times (p = 0.002, 95% CI = 1.46-5.05) in normal BMI compared to the obese, 2.41 times (p=0.002, 95% CI = 1.37-4.21) in the overweight compared to obese individuals. According to multivariate analysis results, the effects of regular health check-ups (p=0.002) and polypharmacy (p=0.016) variables on dietary compliance are significant.

Keywords:

Aged, Hypertension, Physical Activity, Diet, Patient Compliance,

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