COVID-19 Aşı Tereddütü ve Aşı Yaptırmayan Bireylerin Negatif Tutum Algıları: Nitel Çalışma

Öz Amaç: Dünyanın farklı yerlerinde oldukça yüksek sayıda kişinin COVID-19 aşılarına olumsuz baktığı görülmektedir. Bu nedenle COVID-19 aşısına yönelik olası tereddüt ve red nedenlerinin araştırılmaya değer olduğu düşünülmektedir. Hararetli tartışmaların gündeme geldiği bu süreçte, COVID-19 aşısı yaptırmamış bireylerin çevrelerinden aldıkları tepkiler de bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmek istenmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışma verileri Kasım 2021 ile Şubat 2022 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında 14 katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler tümevarımsal tematik analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan analiz sonucunda katılımcıların COVID-19 aşılarını gereksiz, etkisiz ve/veya riskli buldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bazı katılımcılar, COVID-19 aşılarının daha büyük hedeflerin parçası olabileceğini belirtmiştir. Bununla birlikte bazı katılımcılar çevrelerinden baskı hissettiklerini ve olumsuz tutumlar algıladıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Sonuç: Hastalık ve aşı konusunda doğru bilgi verilmesi, şeffaf olunması ve aşı yaptırmamış bireylere karşı empatik yaklaşım gösterilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal, vaccine acceptance, COVID-19 vaccines, qualitative study.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and negative attitudes perceived by individuals who do not accept COVID-19 vaccines: a qualitative study

Objective: It has been noted that in different parts of the world there are a considerable number of people who have a negative attitude to coronavirus vaccines. Therefore, the possible causes of hesitancy and rejection towards COVID-19 vaccine have been found to be worth investigating. In this process, where fierce discussions have been raised, perceptions of marginalization of unvaccinated individuals were also evaluated. Methods: Study data were collected between November, 2021 and February, 2022. Participants were reached via social media. Within the scope of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants. Interviews were conducted online or face-to-face. The data were analyzed by the method of inductive thematic analysis. Result: As a result of the analysis, it was found that the participants thought COVID-19 vaccines unnecessary, ineffective and/or risky. A number of participants have stated that COVID-19 vaccines may be part of larger goals. However, some participants reported that they felt pressure from their social environment and perceived negative attitudes. Conclusion: Considering vaccines unnecessary, ineffective and risky results in refusal to be vaccinated. It is seen that some of the participants have perceived of marginalization. It is recommended to provide accurate information about the disease and vaccination, to be transparent and to show an empathetic approach to these individuals.

Keywords:

Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal, vaccine acceptance, COVID-19 vaccines, qualitative study.,

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