Pelin ÇELİK, İclal AYRANCI SUCAKLI, Kemal KESEROĞLU, Güleser SAYLAM, Halil İbrahim YAKUT, Serap ER

Early-auditory intervention in children with hearing loss and neurodevelopmental outcomes: cognitive, motor and language development

Background. To date, studies have mostly focused on the language outcome of early-auditory interventions including amplification for congenital hearing loss within the first 6 months. We aimed to examine the effect of early-auditory intervention in patients with congenital hearing loss on cognitive, motor and language outcomes, and determine the clinical variables that affect developmental outcomes. Methods. The medical records of 104 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Children were evaluated by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition. Results. The median ages of confirmation of hearing loss, amplification, starting auditory-verbal intervention and cochlear implantation were 9, 10, 13 and 19 months, respectively. Of the patients, 26% received a hearingaid fitting ≤6 months of age. Fifty-one children (49%) had additional disabilities. The median cognitive, language and motor scores of children with no additional disabilities were 95 (65-115), 68 (47-103) and 97 (58- 130), respectively and children with early-auditory intervention (≤6 months) demonstrated higher cognitive, receptive and expressive language subscale scores than late-auditory intervention group (p0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between additional disability and cognitive, language and motor outcomes (r=-0.78, r=-0.54 and r=-0.75, respectively p

PDF

___

1. Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LCH, et al; Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee. Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course. Lancet 2017; 389: 77-90.

2. Shonkoff JP, Phillips DA; National Research Council (US) and Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development. From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US), 2000.

3. American Academy of Pediatrics, Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH). Year 2007 position statement: principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics 2007; 120: 898-921.

4. Nott P, Cowan R, Brown PM, Wigglesworth G. Early language development in children with profound hearing loss fitted with a device at a young age: part I--the time period taken to acquire first words and first word combinations. Ear Hear 2009; 30: 526-540.

5. Tomblin JB, Harrison M, Ambrose SE, Walker EA, Oleson JJ, Moeller MP. Language outcomes in young children with mild to severe hearing loss. Ear Hear 2015; 36(Suppl 1): S76-S91.

6. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Effects of Hearing Loss on Development. Available at: www. asha. org/ public/ hearing/ effects- of- hearing- loss- ondevelopment. (Accessed on November 12, 2019).

7. Sininger YS, Grimes A, Christensen E. Auditory development in early amplified children: factors influencing auditory-based communication outcomes in children with hearing loss. Ear Hear 2010; 31: 166-185.

8. Yoshinaga-Itano C, Sedey AL, Wiggin M, Chung W. Early hearing detection and vocabulary of children with hearing loss. Pediatrics 2017; 140: e20162964.

9. Pierson SK, Caudle SE, Krull KR, Haymond J, Tonini R, Oghalai JS. Cognition in children with sensorineural hearing loss: etiologic considerations. Laryngoscope 2007; 117: 1661-1665.

10. Chapman RS. Children’s language learning: an interactionist perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2000; 41: 33-54.

11. Kutz W, Wright C, Krull KR, Manolidis S. Neuropsychological testing in the screening for cochlear implant candidacy. Laryngoscope 2003; 113: 763-766.

12. Schlumberger E, Narbona J, Manrique M. Nonverbal development of children with deafness with and without cochlear implants. Dev Med Child Neurol 2004; 46: 599-606.

13. Nandi R, Luxon LM. Development and assessment of the vestibular system. Int J Audiol 2008; 47: 566- 577.

14. Kaga K, Shinjo Y, Jin Y, Takegoshi H. Vestibular failure in children with congenital deafness. Int J Audiol 2008; 47: 590-599.

15. Inoue A, Iwasaki S, Ushio M, et al. Effect of vestibular dysfunction on the development of gross motor function in children with profound hearing loss. Audiol Neurootol 2013; 18: 143-151.

16. Leigh G, Ching TY, Crowe K, Cupples L, Marnane V, Seeto M. Factors affecting psychosocial and motor development in 3-year-old children who are deaf or hard of hearing. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 2015; 20: 331- 342.

17. Korver AM, Konings S, Dekker FW, et al; DECIBEL Collaborative Study Group. Newborn hearing screening vs later hearing screening and developmental outcomes in children with permanent childhood hearing impairment. JAMA 2010; 304: 1701-1708.

18. ASHA-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Degree of Hearing Loss. Available at: https://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Degree-ofHearing-Loss/ (Accessed on October 26, 2019).

19. Bayley N. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III). (3rd ed). San Antonia, TX, USA: PsychCorp, Pearson, Harcourt Assessment, 2006.

20. Ching TY, Dillon H, Marnane V, et al. Outcomes of early- and late-identified children at 3 years of age: findings from a prospective population-based study. Ear Hear 2013; 34: 535-552.

21. Bavin EL, Sarant J, Leigh G, Prendergast L, Busby P, Peterson C. Children with cochlear implants in infancy: predictors of early vocabulary. Int J Lang Commun Disord 2018; 53: 788-798.

22. Geers AE, Nicholas JG, Sedey AL. Language skills of children with early cochlear implantation. Ear Hear 2003; 24(Suppl 1): S46-S58.

23. Martinez-Cruz CF, Poblano A, Conde-Reyes MP. Cognitive performance of school children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Arch Med Res 2009; 40: 374-379.

24. Sarant JZ, Harris DC, Bennet LA. Academic outcomes for school-aged children with severeprofound hearing loss and early unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2015; 58: 1017-1032.

25. Teasdale TW, Sorensen MH. Hearing loss in relation to educational attainment and cognitive abilities: a population study. Int J Audiol 2007; 46: 172-175.

26. Emmett SD, Schmitz J, Pillion J, et al. Hearing loss is associated with decreased nonverbal intelligence in rural Nepal. Otol Neurotol 2015; 36: 86-92.

27. Vidranski T, Farkas D. Motor skills in hearing impaired children with or without cochlear implant- -a systematic review. Coll Antropol 2015; 39(Suppl 1): 173-179.

28. Sahli AS. Developments of children with hearing loss according to the age of diagnosis, amplification, and training in the early childhood period. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276: 2457-2463.

29. De Kegel A, Maes L, Van Waelvelde H, Dhooge I. Examining the impact of cochlear implantation on the early gross motor development of children with a hearing loss. Ear Hear 2015; 36: e113-121.

30. Beer J, Harris MS, Kronenberger WG, Holt RF, Pisoni DB. Auditory skills, language development, and adaptive behavior of children with cochlear implants and additional disabilities. Int J Audiol 2012; 51: 491-498.

31. Konukseven O, Kaya S, Genc A, et al. Regional differences of Turkey in risk factors of newborn hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 102: 49-55.