X-ray diffraction analysis of urinary tract stones
To analyze urinary tract stones obtained in our clinic using various methods and to determine the spectrum of stone composition in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. Materials and methods: A total of 300 stones were obtained at Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine Urology Clinic through open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between 1 January 2005 and 30 December 2008. Stones were analyzed in the laboratory of Ankara General Directorate of Mineral Research Exploration using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: It was found that 218 (72.7%) of the 300 stones were calcium oxalate (CaOx); 170 (56.7%) of which were calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), 12 (4%) were calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), and 36 (12%) were COM and COD combined stones; 23 (7.7%) were uric acid (UA), 6 (2%) were magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 3 (1%) were dahllite (DAH/hydroxyl apatite), 2 (0.6%) were cystine (CYS) stones, and 34 (11.3%) were a combination of UA and COM stones. The remaining 14 (4.7%) stones were a combination of other stones. Conclusion: The stone analysis study was carried out using the XRD method on 300 samples in the Eastern Anatolia Region, where the prevalence of urinary tract stones is relatively high. The analysis showed that 72.7% of all stones were CaOx stone and 56.7% were pure COM stones.
X-ray diffraction analysis of urinary tract stones
To analyze urinary tract stones obtained in our clinic using various methods and to determine the spectrum of stone composition in the Eastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. Materials and methods: A total of 300 stones were obtained at Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine Urology Clinic through open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), and extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) between 1 January 2005 and 30 December 2008. Stones were analyzed in the laboratory of Ankara General Directorate of Mineral Research Exploration using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: It was found that 218 (72.7%) of the 300 stones were calcium oxalate (CaOx); 170 (56.7%) of which were calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), 12 (4%) were calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), and 36 (12%) were COM and COD combined stones; 23 (7.7%) were uric acid (UA), 6 (2%) were magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), 3 (1%) were dahllite (DAH/hydroxyl apatite), 2 (0.6%) were cystine (CYS) stones, and 34 (11.3%) were a combination of UA and COM stones. The remaining 14 (4.7%) stones were a combination of other stones. Conclusion: The stone analysis study was carried out using the XRD method on 300 samples in the Eastern Anatolia Region, where the prevalence of urinary tract stones is relatively high. The analysis showed that 72.7% of all stones were CaOx stone and 56.7% were pure COM stones.
___
- Daudon M, Jungers P. Clinical value of crystalluria and
- quantitative morphoconstitutional analysis of urinary calculi.
- Nephron Physiol 2004; 98: 31-6. 9.
- Güneri Ç, Küpeli B, Bozkırlı İ. Analysis of urinary tract stones.
- Urinary Stone Disease. Müslümanoğlu AY, Esen T, Tefekli A
- (eds). Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, İstanbul, 2007; pp: 115-120.
- Kasidas GP, Samuell CT, Weir TB. Renal stone analysis: why and how? Ann Clin Biochem 2004; 41:91-7
- Prien EL, Frondel C. Studies in urolithiasis. The composition of urinary calculi. J Urol 1947; 57: 980-89.
- Sutor DJ, Scheidt S. Identification standards for human urinary calculus components, using crystallographic methods. Br J Urol 1968; 40: 22-8.
- Uldall A. Strategies and methods for the analytical investigation of urinary calculi. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 160: 93-101.
- Davidson MT, Batchelar DL, Velupillai S, Denstedt JD, Cunningham IA. Analysis of urinary stone components by x-ray coherent scatter: characterizing composition beyond laboratory x-ray diffractometry. Phys Med Biol 2005; 50: 3773-786.
- Hesse A, Kruse R, Geilenkeuser WJ, Schmidt M. Quality control in urinary stone analysis: results of 44 ring trials (1980-2001). Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 43(3): 298-303.
- Batchelar DL, Chun SS, Wollin TA, Tan JK, Beiko DT, Cunningham IA et al. Predicting urinary stone composition using x-ray coherent scatter: a novel technique with potential clinical applications. J Urol 2002; 168: 260-265.
- Ansari MS, Gupta NP, Hemal AK, Dogra PN, Seth A, Aron M et al. Spectrum of stone composition: srtuctural analysis of 1050 upper urinary tract calculi from northern India. International Journal of Urology 2005; 12: 12-6.
- Daudon M, Donsimoni R, Hennequin C, Fellahi S, Le Moel G, Paris M et al. Sex and age related composition of 10 617 urinary calculi by infra red spectroscopi. Urol Res 1995; 23: 319-26.
- Herring LC. Observation of 10000 urinary calculi. J Urol 1962; 88: 545-62.
- Mandel NS, Mandel CS. Urinary tract stone disease in united veteran population: II. Geographic analysis of variation in composition. J Urol 1989; 142: 1516-21.
- Otnes B. Crystalllin composition of urinary stones in Norwegian patients. Scan J Urol Nephrol. 1983; 17: 85-92.
- Leusmann DB, Blaschke R, Schmandt W. Results of 5053 stone analysis: a contribution to epidemiology of urinary stone disease. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1990; 24: 205-10.
- Rao MVR, Agawan JS, Tania OP. Studies in urolihiasis II: X-ray analysis of renal calculi from Delhi region. Indian J Med Res 1976; 64: 10-2.
- Ahlawat R, Goel MC, Elhence. Upper urinary tract analysis using x-ray diffraction: results from tertiary referral center in North India. Natl Med J India 1996; 9: 10-2.
- Adayener C, Akyol I, Sen B, Ates F, Baykal K, Iseri C. The evaluation of biochemical risk factors for recurrent urinary stone disease. Turkish Journal of Urology 2007; 33: 205-212.
- Gault MH, Chafe L. Relationship of frequency, age, sex, stone weight and composition in 15624 stones: comparison of results for 1980 to 1983 and 1995 to 1998. J Urol 2000; 164: 302-307.
- Smith LH. Urolithiasis. In Schrier RW, Gottschalk CW (eds): Diseases of the kidney, 4th ed. Boston, Little, Brown, 1988; pp:785-813.
- Pak CYS, Resnick MI, Preminger GM. Ethnic and geographic diversity of stone disease. Urology 1997; 50: 504-507.
- Ergen E. Methabolic evaluation of urinary stone disease in our regio. Speciality Thesis. Atatürk University Library, Erzurum, Turkey, 2001.
- Demirel A, Suma S. The Efficacy of non-contrast helical computed tomography in the prediction of urinary stone composition in vivo. JIMR 2003; 31: 1-5.
- Chutikorn C, Dhanamittas D, Halstead S, Pantubatana S,Tankayul C, Umpaivit P et al. Nutrition research in Indonesia and Thailand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1967; 20:1321-1391.
- Sutor D, Wooley S, Illingworth J. A geographical and historical survey of the composition of urinary sones. Br J Urol 1974; 393- 407.
- Cifuentes JM, Pourmand G. Mineral composition of 103 stones from Iran. Br J Urol 1980; 55: 465-8.