Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale
Background/aim: The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) is widely used to measure children’s anxiety levels. The aimof this study was to translate the m-YPAS into Turkish and test its validity and reliability in Turkish children.Materials and methods: The English version of the m-YPAS was translated into Turkish using the forward-back-forward translationtechnique. This study enrolled 120 children. The m-YPAS was administered to 120 children who were recorded on video. The StateTrait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) was used for only 30 of 120 children. The videotapes were evaluated by two experiencedobservers [an anesthesiologist, ObA(an), and a psychologist, ObB(ps)]. The interrater reliability, concurrent validity, sensitivity, specificity,and positive and negative predictive values were analyzed.Results: The mean age of the children was 7.8 ± 2.2 years. The weighted kappa values of the m-YPAS between observers were insubstantial agreement (κw = 0.74–0.80) and almost perfect agreement (κw = 0.84–0.85). The Cronbach alpha values were high [α = 0.85for ObA(an) and α = 0.86 for ObB(ps)]. The correlation between m-YPAS and STAIC showed good agreement (P < 0.05). The sensitivityand specificity were high, and the predictive value was 92.86%.Conclusion: The Turkish version of the m-YPAS can be applied as a reliable and valid observational questionnaire for Turkish children.
___
- 1. Vagnoli L, Caprilli CS, Robiglio A, Messeri A. Clown doctors as
a treatment for preoperative anxiety in children: a randomized
prospective study. Pediatrics 2005; 116: 563-567. doi: 10.1542/
peds.2005-0466
- 2. Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Maranets I, McClain B,
Gaal D et al. Preoperative anxiety and emergence delirium
and postoperative maladaptive behaviors. Anesthesia
& Analgesia 2004; 99: 1648-1654. doi: 10.1213/01.
ANE.0000136471.36680.97
- 3. Jenkins BN, Fortier MA, Kaplan SH, Mayes LC, Kain
ZN. Development of a short version of the modified Yale
Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2014; 119:
643-650. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000350
- 4. Lee J, Lee J, Lim H, Son JS, Lee JR et al. Cartoon distraction
alleviates anxiety in children during induction of anesthesia.
Anesthesia & Analgesia 2012; 115: 1168-1173. doi: 10.1213/
ANE.0b013e31824fb469
- 5. Ahmed MI, Farrell MA, Parrish K, Karla A. Preoperative
anxiety in children risk factors and non-pharmacological
management. Middle East Journal of Anesthesiology 2011; 21:
153-164.
- 6. Kain ZN, Mayes LC, Cicchetti DV, Bagnall AL, Finley JD et al.
The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: how does it compare with
a “gold standard”? Anesthesia & Analgesia 1997; 85: 783-788.
- 7. Jung K, Im MH, Hwang JM, Oh AY, Park MS et al. Reliability
and validity of Korean version of modified Yale preoperative
anxiety scale. Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research 2016;
90: 43-48. doi: 10.4174/astr.2016.90.1.43
- 8. Proczkowska Björklund M, Gimbler Berglund I, Ericsson E.
Reliability and validity of the Swedish version of the modified
Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Acta Anaesthesiologica
Scandinavica 2012; 56: 491-497. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-
6576.2011.02587.x
- 9. Skovby P, Rask CU, Dall R, Aagaard H, Kronborg H. Face
validity and inter-rater reliability of the Danish version of the
modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale. Danish Medical
Journal 2014; 61: 4853.
- 10. Jerez C, Ullán AM, Lázaro JJ. Reliability and validity of the
Spanish version of the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety
Scale. Revista Española de Anestesiología y Reanimación 2016;
63: 320-326. doi: 10.1016/j.redar.2015.09.006
- 11. Büyüköztürk Ş. Faktör analizi: temel kavramlar ve ölçek
geliştirmede kullanımı. Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi 2002; 32: 470-
483 (in Turkish).
- 12. Şimşek ÖF. Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesine Giriş, Temel İlkeler
ve LİSREL Uygulamaları. Ankara, Turkey: Ekinoks Yayınları;
2007 (in Turkish).
- 13. Kim H, Jung SM, Yu H, Park SJ. Video distraction and parental
presence for the management of preoperative anxiety and
postoperative behavioral disturbance in children: a randomized
controlled trial. Anesthesia & Analgesia 2015; 121: 778-784.
doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000000839
- 14. Psychountaki M, Zervas Y, Karteroliotis K, Spielberger C.
Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the STAIC.
European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2003; 19: 124.
doi: 10.1027//1015-5759.19.2.124
- 15. Özusta HŞ. Çocuklar için durumluk sürekli kaygı envanteri
uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji
Dergisi 1995; 10: 32-44 (in Turkish).
- 16. Erkut S. Developing multiple language versions of instruments
for intercultural research. Child Development Perspectives
2010; 4: 19-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2009.00111.x
- 17. Çakmur H. Araştırmalarda ölçme-güvenilirlik-geçerlilik. TSK
Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni 2012; 11: 339-344 (in Turkish).
doi:10.5455/pmb.1-1322486024
- 18. Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement
for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33: 159-174.
- 19. Bi J, Kuesten C. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): a
framework for monitoring and assessing performance of
trained sensory panels and panelists. Journal of Sensory Studies
2012; 27: 352-364. doi:10.1111/j.1745-459X.2012.00399.x
- 20. Tekindal B, Erümit AK. Analitik hiyerarşi süreci (AHS) ve
bulanık AHS (AHS) yöntemlerinin yüksek lisans öğrencisi
seçimi problemi üzerinde karşılaştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi
Endüstriyel Sanatlar Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007; 21: 14-37
(in Turkish).
- 21. Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha.
International Journal of Medical Education 2011; 2: 53-55. doi:
10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd