The evaluation of disease awareness, caregiver burden, and workday loss in caregivers of COPD patients

Background/aim: Our aim is to determine the caregiver burden of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) patient’s caregivers, and to determine whether there is a workday loss. Materials and methods: 252 COPD patients and their caregivers were included. Disease information of the patients were recorded and a questionnaire was applied. Socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers were recorded and a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions including COPD disease, treatment and loss of working days, and the Zarit Scale were used. Results: 128(50.8%) of the patients according to GOLD were group-D, 97(38.5%) of the patient’s relatives were working, 62(24.7%) were not able to go to work for 1–14 days, and 125(57.1%) spent outside the home from 1–14 nights, because those accompanied to patients. In univariate analysis were detected modified medical research council (mMRC) (p < 0.001), CAT (p < 0.001), the number of comorbidities of patients (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume in 1 FEV1cc (p = 0.009), FEV1% (p < 0.001), the presence of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT), and the number of comorbidities of the patient’s relatives (p = 0.06) increased the care load. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (p = 0.03), COPD assessment test (CAT) score (p = 0.001), FEV1% (

PDF

___

1. Zarit SH, Reever KE, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feelings of burden. Gerontologist 1980; 20: 649-655. doi: 10.1093/geront/20.6.649
2. Beery LC, Prigerson HG, Bierhals AJ, Santucci LM, Newsom JT et al. Traumatic grief, depression and caregiving in elderly spouses of the terminally ill. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 1997; 35 :261-279. doi: 10.2190/9QT0-XBD0- V8E9-U650
3. Anthony-Bergstone CR, Zarit SH, Gatz M. Symptoms of psychological distress among caregivers of dementia patients. Psychology and Aging 1988; 3: 245-248. doi: 10.1037/0882- 7974.3.3.245
4. Burton LC, Newsom JT, Schulz R, Hirsch CH, German PS. Preventive health behaviors among spousal caregivers. Preventive Medicine 1997; 26: 162-169. doi: 10.1006/ pmed.1996.0129
5. Morimoto T, Schreiner AS, Asano H. Caregiver burden and health related quality of life among Japanese stroke caregivers. Age and Ageing 2003; 32: 218-223. doi: 10.1093/ ageing/32.2.218
6. Uchino BN. Social support and health: a review of physiological processes potentially underlying links to disease outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2006; 29: 377-387. doi: 10.1007/ s10865-006-9056-5
7. Yurtsever S, Ozge A, Kara A, Yandım A, Kalav S et al. The relationship between care burden and social support in Turkish Alzheimer patients’ family caregivers: cross-sectional study. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 2013; 3: 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v3n9p1
8. Miravitlles M. Cough and sputum production as risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with COPD. Respiratory Medicine 2011; 105: 1118-1128. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.02.003
9. Reishtein JL. Relationship between symptoms and functional performance in COPD. Research in Nursing and Health 2005; 28: 39-47. doi: 10.1002/nur.20054
10. Janssen DJA, Franssen FME, Wouters EFM, Schols JMGA, Spruit MA. Impaired health status and care dependency in patients with advanced COPD or chronic heart failure. Quality of Life Research 2011; 20 (10): 1679-1688. doi: 10.1007/s11136- 011-9892-9
11. Halbert RJ, Isonaka S, George D, Iqbal A. Interpreting COPD prevalence estimates. Chest 2003; 123 (5): 1684-1692. doi: 10.1378/chest.123.5.1684
12. May SM, Li JTC. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: healthcare costs and beyond. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 2015; 36 (1): 4-10. doi: 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3812
13. Halbert RJ, Natoli JL, Badamgarav A, Badamgarav E, Buist AS et al. Global burden of COPD: systemtic review and metaanalysis. European Respiratory Journal 2006; 28: 523-532. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00124605
14. May SM, Li JT. Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: healthcare costs and beyond. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 2015; 36 (1): 4-10. doi: 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3812
15. Enguidanos S, Rahman A, Fields T, Mack W, Brumley R et al. Expanding access to home-based palliative care: a randomized controlled trial protocol. Journal of Palliative Medicine 2019; 22 (S1): 58-65. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0147
16. Zarit S, Reever K, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: correlates of feeling of burden. Gerontologist 1980; 20: 649-655. doi: 10.1093/geront/20.6.649
17. Patel JG, Nagar SP, Dalal AA. Indirect costs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of the economic burden on employers and individuals in the United States. International Journal of COPD 2014; 9: 289-300. doi: 10.2147/ COPD.S57157
18. Inci FH. Bakım verme yükü ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. RN, University of Pamukkale, Pamukkale, Turkey, 2006.
19. Smith KJ, George C, Ferriera N. Factors emerging from the “Zarit Burden Interview” and predictive variables in a UK sample of caregivers for people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics 2018; 30 (11): 1671-1678. doi: 10.1017/ S1041610218000315
20. Al-Rawashdeh SY, Lennie TA, Chung ML. Psychometrics of the Zarit Burden ınterview in caregivers of patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2016; 31 (6) : e21-e28. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000000348
21. Kang A, Yu Z, Foo M. Evaluating burden and quality of life among caregivers of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International. 2019; 39 (2): 176-1780. doi: 10.3747/pdi.2018.00049
22. Yılmaz A, Turan E, Gundogar D. Predictors of burnout in the family caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease: evidence from Turkey. Australasian Journal on Ageing. 2009; 28: 16-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2008.00319.x
23. Goris S, Kılıç Z, Elmalı F, Tutar N, Takc O. Care burden and social support levels of caregivers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Holistic Nursing Practice. 2016; 30 (4): 227-235. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000153
24. Tel H, Demirkol D, Kara S, Aydın D. Care burden and quality of life among the caregivers of patients with COPD. Turkish Thoracic Journal 2012; 13: 87-92. doi: 10.5152/ttd.2012.21
25. Selen F, Hav S. Determining the needs, caregiving burden and associated factors in primary caregivers of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In: Proceeding of the 8th Congress of the European Federation of Internal Medicine. 20S 2009. S1-S283. doi: 10.1016/s0953-6205(09)60679-8
26. Cain CJ, Newsome Wicks M. Caregiver attributes as correlates of burden in family caregivers coping with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Family Nursing 2000; 6 : 46-67. doi: 10.1177/107484070000600104
27. Garlo K, O’Leary JR, Van Ness PH, Fired TR. Burden in caregivers of older adults with advanced illness. Journal of American Geriatrics Society 2010; 58 (12): 2315-2322. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03177.x
28. Hu X, Peng X, Su Y, Huang W. Caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of patients with lung cancer: a crosssectional survey. European Journal of Oncology Nursing 2018; 37: 74-80. foi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2018.11.003
29. Garre-Olmo J, Vilalta-Franch J, Calvó-PerxasL, Turró-Garriga O, Conde-Sala L et al. A path analysis of patient dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics 2016; 28 (7): 1133-1141. doi: 10.1017/ S1041610216000223
30. McNabney MK, Onyike C, Johnston D, Mayer L, Lyketsos C et al. The impact of complex chronic diseases on care utilization among assisted living residents. Geriatric Nursing 2014; 35 (1) : 26-30. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2013.09.003
31. Hu X, Peng X, Su Y, Huang W. Caregiver burden among Chinese family caregivers of patients with lung cancer: a crosssectional survey. European journal of oncolgy nursing. 2018; 37 : 74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2018.11.00332. Adelman RD, Tmanova LL, Delgado D, Dion S, Lachs MS. Caregiver burden: a Clinical Review. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2014; 311 (10): 1052-1059. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.304 33. Godoy-Ramírez AM, Pérez-Verdún MÁ, Doménech-del Rio A, Prunera-Pardell MJ. Caregiver burden and social support perceived by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revista de Calidad Asistencial 2014; 29 (6): 320-324. doi: 10.1016/j.cali.2014.11.003 34. Pinquart M, Sorensen S. Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: an updated metaanalysis. Journals of Gerontology 2006 ; 61: 33-45. doi: 10.1093/ geronb/61.1.p33 35. Yildiz F, Karakoc GB, Hamutcu RE, Yildirim N, Ekinci B. Türkiye’de astım ve KOAH farkındalığının değerlendirilmesi (GARD Türkiye Projesi-Kronik Hava Yolları Hastalıkları Ulusal Kontrol Programı). Tuberculosis and Thorax 2013; 61 (3): 175-182. doi: 10.5578/tt.6207 36. Fan J, Wang N, Fang LW, Feng YJ, Cong S et al. Awareness of knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related factors in residents aged 40 years and older in China, 2014. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi 2018; 39 (5) : 586-592. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.05.009 37. Zarit S, Femia E. Behavioral and psychosocial interventions for family caregivers. American Journal of Nursing 2008; 108 (9): 47-53. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000336415.60495.34
32. Adelman RD, Tmanova LL, Delgado D, Dion S, Lachs MS. Caregiver burden: a Clinical Review. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2014; 311 (10): 1052-1059. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.304
33. Godoy-Ramírez AM, Pérez-Verdún MÁ, Doménech-del Rio A, Prunera-Pardell MJ. Caregiver burden and social support perceived by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Revista de Calidad Asistencial 2014; 29 (6): 320-324. doi: 10.1016/j.cali.2014.11.003
34. Pinquart M, Sorensen S. Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: an updated metaanalysis. Journals of Gerontology 2006 ; 61: 33-45. doi: 10.1093/ geronb/61.1.p33
35. Yildiz F, Karakoc GB, Hamutcu RE, Yildirim N, Ekinci B. Türkiye’de astım ve KOAH farkındalığının değerlendirilmesi (GARD Türkiye Projesi-Kronik Hava Yolları Hastalıkları Ulusal Kontrol Programı). Tuberculosis and Thorax 2013; 61 (3): 175-182. doi: 10.5578/tt.6207
36. Fan J, Wang N, Fang LW, Feng YJ, Cong S et al. Awareness of knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and related factors in residents aged 40 years and older in China, 2014. Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi 2018; 39 (5) : 586-592. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2018.05.009
37. Zarit S, Femia E. Behavioral and psychosocial interventions for family caregivers. American Journal of Nursing 2008; 108 (9): 47-53. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000336415.60495.34