Teratogenic effects and the role in the etiology of atopic diseases of erythrosine (FD&C Red No.3)
Teratogenic effects and the role in the etiology of atopic diseases of erythrosine (FD&C Red No.3)
Erythrosine (FD&C Red No.3, di sodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetra-iodofluores-cein); is used extensively as a colour additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Previous stud-ies have shown that some of the food addi-tives, depending on their long-term and short-term use, have potential carcinogenic, toxic and teratogenic effects. In Turkey this colourant has temporary permission of use until studies are completed about it. In addi-tion food colours may cause allergic reac-tioms due to food intolerance. In our study 17 pregnant rats are divided into two groups: control and erythrosine group. 7 Wistar albino rats were adminis-tered 5 ml erythrosine (2mg/ml) by gavage at 7-8-9-10-11th days of their pregnancy. 10 rats in positive control group are given dis-tilled water by gavage. At 20th day of preg-nancy, pregnant rats in both groups sacrificed by cervical dislocation and laparotomy applied. Each live fetus was promptly weighed and examined for congenital anom-alies and the crown-rump lenght was meas-ured. Routine fetal histologie studies and light microscopic examination of the sections stained with H&E was applied. Mast cells are examined in the fetal dermal sections stained with Toluidine Blue. In erythrosine group, there were no congen-ital defects, while the number of mast cells of fetal skins were increased and exocytosis was observed. This was statistically significant (U=IZ p
___
- 1.İzbırak A, Sümer S, Diril N. Gıdalarakatılan bazı azo-boyalarının mutajeniketkilerinin test edilmesi. Mikrobiyol.Bült. 24: 48-56, 1990.
- 2.Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Erythrosine.Certificate of analysis. 7, 31.5.1989.
- 3.Lakdawalla AA, Netrawali MS.Erythrosine, a permitted food dye, ismutagenic in the Bacillus subtilismultigene sporulation assay. Mut. Res.206: 171-176, 1988.
- 4.Matula TI, Downie RH. Genetic toxicityof erythrosine in yeast. Mut. Res. 138:153-56, 1984.
- 5.Wingren U, Enerback L. Mucosal mastcells of the rat intestine: a re-evaluationof fixation and staining properties, withspecial reference to protein blockingand solubility of the granularglycosaminoglycan. Histochem. J. 15:571-82, 1983.
- 6.Spicer SS. Histochemical properties ofmucopolysaccharide and basic proteinin mast cells. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 322-32, 1979.
- 7.Allansmith MR, Baird RS, HenriquezAS, Bloch KJ. Sequence of mast cellchanges in ocular anaphylaxis.Immunol. 49(2): 281-87, 1983.
- 8.Borzelleca JF, Olson JW, Reno FE.Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity studyof FD&C Red No. 40 (Allura Red) inSprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem.Toxicol. 27: 701-5, 1989.
- 9.Houben GF, Peninks AH, Seinen W, VosJG, Loveren HV. Immunotoxic effects ofthe color additive caramel color-III:Immune function studies in rats.Fundamental and App. Toxicol. 20: 30-37, 1993.
- 10.Hutchinson AP, Carrick B, Miller K,Nicklin S. Adverse reactions tosynthetic food colours: Interactionsbetween tartrazine and muscarinicacetylcholine receptors in isolatedguinea-pig ileum. Toxicology Letters.60: 165-73, 1992.
- 11.Roberts NS. Teratology. Obstetrics andGynecology. IInd Edition. (Ed. W.W.Beck). A Wiley Medical Publication.Hadwal Publishing Comp. Media,Pennsylvania. 1988, pp: 149-160.
- 12.Vural N. Kimyasal Teratojenezis.Toksikoloji. Ankara ÜniversitesiEczacılık Yayınları, Ankara. 1984, s.81-87.
- 13.Larsson KS. A teratologic study withthe dyes amaranth and ponceau-4R inmice. Toxicology, 4: 75-82, 1975.
- 14.Collins TFX, Black TN, Welsh JJ, BrownLH. Study of the teratogenic potentialof FD&C Red No. 40 when given bygavage to rats. Food Chem. Toxicol.27: 707-13, 1989.
- 15.Collins TFX, Black TN, O’Donnell MW,Bulhack JRP. Study of the teratogenicpotential of FD&C Yellow No. 5 whengiven in drinking water. Food Chem.Toxicol. 30: 263-68, 1992.
- 16.Lakdawalla AA, Netrawali MS.Mutagenicity, comutagenicity andantimutagenicity of erythrosine (FD&CRed No. 3), a food dye, in theAmes/Salmonella assay. Mut. Res. 204:131-39, 1988.
- 17.Mansfield LE, Vaughon, TR, Waller SF,Haverly RW, Ting S. Food allergy andadult migraine: double blind andmediator confirmation of an allergicetiology. Ann. Allergy. 55(2): 126-29,1985.
- 18.Lessof MH. Food intolerance. Scand. J.Gastroenterol. Suppl. 109: 117-21,1985.
- 19.Matteo A, Sarles H. Is food allergy acause of acute pancreatitis? Pancreas.5(2): 234-37, 1990.
- 20.Monro, J, Carini C. Brostoff J. Migraineis a food allergic disease. Lancet.2(8405): 719-21, 1984.
- 21.Cochrane DE, Boucher W, CarrawayRE. Mast cell histamin releasing activityfrom stimulated rat neutrophils. Int.Arch. Allergy. Appl. Immunol. 87: 269-74, 1988.
- 22.Mira E, Fazzi E. Benign paroximalvertigo in childhood: a migraineequvalent. J. Otorhinolaryngol. 46(2):97-104, 1984.
- 23.Saxena SP, Mc Nical A, Brandes LJ,Becker AB, Gerrard JM. A role for