Fikret ERDEMİR, Bekir Süha PARLAKTAŞ, Hüseyin ÖZYURT, Ömer ATIŞ, Şemsedtin ŞAHİN, Özgür BOZTEPE

Antioxidant effect of melatonin systemic circulation of rats after unilateral testicular torsion

Amaç: Ratlarda, tek taraflı testiküler torsiyon sonrası, melatoninin sistemik dolaşımdaki antioksidan etkisini araştırmak. Yöntem ve Gereç: Bu çalışmada, lokal etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra ağırlıkları 250-300 gr arasında olan 5.5-6 aylık toplam 30 adet Wistar albino rat kullanıldı. Ratlar, her grupta 10 adet olacak şekilde 3 gruba randomize olarak ayrıldı. Grup 1 kontrol grubu idi ve bu grupta sol testis sham operasyonu sonrası alındı. İkinci grup torsiyon grubu olup, testis saat yönünde 720 derece döndürülerek bu şekilde 2 saat beklendi. Üçüncü grup, torsiyon/detorsiyon yapılmasına ilave olarak melatonin uygulanan gruptu. Bu gruba, intraperitoneal olarak detorsiyon öncesi 50 mg/kg melatonin verildi. İki saat sonra, detorsiyon yapılarak kan malondialdehit (MDA), superoksit dismutaz (SD), protein karbonil (PC) ve nitrik oksit (NO) seviyeleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Grup 2'de serum MDA, NO, SOD ve PC düzeyleri kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (P < 0.001). Torsiyon grubu ile kıyaslandığında melatonin verilmesinin anlamlı olarak antioksidan enzim ve lipid peroksidasyon ürünleri seviyesini kontrol grubu düzeylerine getirdiği görüldü (P < 0.05). Sonuç: Bu sonuçlara göre, her ne kadar bu bir hayvan çalışması olsa da, melatoninin klinikte testiküler torsiyon tedavisinde kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Ratlarda tek tarafli testiküler torsiyon sonrasi melatoninin sistemik dolaşımdaki antioksidan etkisi

Aim: To investigate the antioxidant effects of melatonin in the systemic circulation of rats after unilateral testicular torsion. Materials and Methods: After the approval of the study by the Local Ethical Committee, 30 male Wistar albino rats, 5.5-6 months old and weighing 250-300 g, were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 10 rats. In group 1, the control group, the left testis was excised after sham operation. In group 2, the torsion group, torsion was created by rotating the left testis 720° in clockwise direction and maintained for 2 h. In group 3, the melatonin plus-torsion/detorsion group, 50 mg/kg melatonin was given intraperitoneally 30 min before detorsion. After 2 h, the spermatic cord was detorsed to determine the blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), protein carbonyl (PC), and nitric oxide (NO). Results: Serum MDA, NO, SOD, and PC levels increased significantly in group 2 when compared with the sham operation group (P < 0.001). Administration of melatonin caused a significant decrease in Iipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities when compared to the torsion group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Although this is an animal study, it can be suggested that melatonin may be used clinically as an antioxidant agent in the treatment of testicular torsion.

PDF

___

1. Prillaman HM, Turner TT. Rescue of testicular function after acute experimental torsion. J Urol 1997; 157: 340-5.
2. Blank ML, O'Neill PJ, Steigman CK, Cobb LM, Wilde RA, Havenstein PJ et al. Reperfusion injury following testicular torsion and detorsion in prepubertal rats. Urol Res 1993; 21: 389-93.
3. Kehinde EO, Anim JT, Mojiminiyi OA, Al-Awadi F, Shihab-Eldeen A, Omu AE. Allopurinol provides long-term protection for experimentally induced testicular torsion in a rabbit model. BJU Int 2005;96: 175-80.
4. Sun J, Liu GH, Zhao HT, Shi CR. Long-term influence of prepubertal testicular torsion on spermatogenesis. Urol Int 2006; 77: 275-8.
5. Romeo C, Antonuccio P, Esposito M, Marini H, Impellizzeri P, Turiaco N et al. Raxofelast, a hydrophilic vitamin E-like antioxidant, reduces testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Urol Res 2004; 32: 367-71.
6. Power RE, Scanlon R, Kay EW, Creagh TA, Bouchier-Hayes DJ. Long-term protective effects of hypothermia on reperfusion injury post-testicular torsion. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2003; 37: 456-60.
7. Reilly PM, Schiller HJ, Bulkley GB. Pharmacologic approach to tissue injury mediated by free radical and other reactive oxygen metabolites. Am J Surg 1991; 161: 488-503.
8. Iyidogan YO, Gurdol F, Oner P. The effects of acute melatonin and ethanol treatment on antioxidant enzyme activities in rat testes. Pharmacol Res 2001; 44: 89-93.
9. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Ying L. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 497-500.
10. Paglia DE, Valentine WN. Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med 1967; 70: 158-169.
11. Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hyroxynonenal. In: Packer L, Glazer AN, editors. Methods in Enzymology, V 186, Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems. New York: Academic Press; 1990. pp. 407-21.
12. Levine, RL, Garland D, Oliver CN, Amici A, Climent I, Lenz AG et al. Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins. In: Packer L, Glazer AN, editors. Methods in Enzymology V 186, Oxygen Radicals in Biological Systems. New York: Academic Press; 1990. pp. 464-78.
13. Cortas NK, Wakid NW. Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clin Chem 1990; 36: 1440-3.
14. Noeske HD, Kraus SW, Altinkilic BM, Weidner W. Historical milestones regarding torsion of the scrotal organs. J Urol 1998; 159: 13-6.
15. Baumber JBA, Gravance BCG, Medina V, Davies-Morel MC. The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. J Androl 2000; 21: 895-902.
16. Sharma RK, Agarwal A. Role of reactive oxygen species in male infertility. Urology 1998; 48: 835-50.
17. Dandekar SP, Nadkarni GD, Kulkarni VS, Punekar S. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in male infertility. JPGM 2002; 48: 186-9.
18. Sheweita SA, Tilmisany AM, Al-Sawaf H. Mechanisms of male infertility: role of antioxidants. Curr Drug Metab 2005; 6: 495-501.
19. Cay A, Alver A, Kucuk M, Isik 0, Eminagaoglu MS, Karahan SC et al. The effects of N-acetylcysteine on antioxidant enzyme activities in experimental testicular torsion. J Surg Res 2006; 131: 199-203.
20. Dokmeci D, Inan M, Başaran UN, Yalcin 0, Aydogdu N, Turan FN et al. Protective effect of L-carnitine on testicular ischaemiareperfusion injury in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25: 611-8.
21. Lysiak JJ, Nguyen QA, Turner TT. Peptide and nonpeptide reactive oxygen scavengers provide partial rescue of the testis after torsion. J Androl 2002; 23: 400-9.
22. Filho DW, Torres MA, Bordin AL, Crezcynski-Pasa TB, Boveris A. Spermatic cord torsion, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Aspects Med 2004; 25: 199-210.
23. Salmasi AH, Beheshtian A, Payabvash S, Demehri S, Ebrahimkhani MR, Karimzadegan M et al. Effect of morphine on ischemiareperfusion injury: experimental study in testicular torsion rat model. Urology 2005; 66: 1338-42.
24. Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeggeler B. Melatonin: a potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger. Endocrine J 1993; 1: 57-60.
25. Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Izumiya C, Ikenoue N. Melatonin protects against ischemia and reperfusion-induced oxidative lipid and DNA damage in fetal rat brain. J Pineal Res 1999; 26: 147-52.
26. Rodriguez C, Mayo JC, Sainz RM, Antolin I, Herrera F, Martin V et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res 2004; 36: 1-9.
27. Abasiyanik A, Dagdonderen L. Beneficial effects of melatonin compared with allopurinol in experimental testicular torsion. J Pediatr Surg 2004; 39: 1238-41.
28. Ozturk A, Baltaci AK, Mogulkoc R, Ozturk B. The effect of prophylactic melatonin administration on reperfusion damage in experimental testis ischemia-reperfusion. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2003; 24: 170-2.