Anti-HDV enzyme immunoassay index in predicting HDV viremia in serum samples
To determine whether the total anti-delta antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results can be used to predict viremia. Materials and methods: The EIA index value of an anti-delta total antibody assay was determined in 76 serum samples obtained from 67 patients positive for the anti-hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antibody. The presence of HDV RNA was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relation between the RT-PCR result and EIA index was evaluated by ROC analysis. Results: Of the 76 total samples, 56 (74%) anti-HDV-positive samples were found to be PCR-positive. The samples with EIA index values below 75.75 were PCR-negative, while samples with index values above 102.55 were PCR-positive. When HDV RNA presence is considered as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the chosen EIA index (100.10) in predicting viremia were 93%, 80%, 93%, and 76%, respectively. Conclusion: HDV RNA is the most reliable marker for the diagnosis of active HDV infection, and EIA index value is closely related to viral RNA presence.
Anti-HDV enzyme immunoassay index in predicting HDV viremia in serum samples
To determine whether the total anti-delta antibody enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test results can be used to predict viremia. Materials and methods: The EIA index value of an anti-delta total antibody assay was determined in 76 serum samples obtained from 67 patients positive for the anti-hepatitis delta virus (HDV) antibody. The presence of HDV RNA was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The relation between the RT-PCR result and EIA index was evaluated by ROC analysis. Results: Of the 76 total samples, 56 (74%) anti-HDV-positive samples were found to be PCR-positive. The samples with EIA index values below 75.75 were PCR-negative, while samples with index values above 102.55 were PCR-positive. When HDV RNA presence is considered as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the chosen EIA index (100.10) in predicting viremia were 93%, 80%, 93%, and 76%, respectively. Conclusion: HDV RNA is the most reliable marker for the diagnosis of active HDV infection, and EIA index value is closely related to viral RNA presence.
___
- Farci P. Delta hepatitis: an update. J Hepatol 2003; 39: 212–9.
- Taylor JM. Hepatitis delta virus. Virology 2006; 344: 71–6.
- Khalid M, Umair SA, Memon S, Khawaja A, Usmani MT, Moatter T et al. Virological and clinical characteristics of hepatitis delta virus in South Asia. Virol J 2011; 8: 312.
- Değertekin H, Yalçın K, Yakut M. The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in acute and chronic liver diseases in Turkey: an analysis of clinical studies. Turk J Gastroenterol 2006; 17: 25–34.
- Bahcecioglu IH, Aygun C, Gozel N, Poyrazoglu OK, Bulut Y, Yalniz M. Prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in chronic hepatitis B patients in eastern Turkey: still a serious problem to consider. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18: 518–24.
- Wedemeyer H, Heidrich B, Manns MP. Hepatitis D virus infection not a vanishing disease in Europe. Hepatology 2007; 45: 1331–2.
- Le Gal F, Gault E, Ripault MP, Serpaggi J, Trinchet JC, Gordien E et al. Eighth major clade for hepatitis delta virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: 1447–50.
- Altuğlu I, Özacar T, Sertoz RY, Erensoy S. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) genotypes in patients with chronic hepatitis: molecular epidemiology of HDV in Turkey. Int J Infect Dis 2007; 11: 58–
- Bozdayı AM, Aslan N, Bozdayı G, Türkyılmaz AR, Sengezer T, Wend U et al. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses in Turkish patients. Arch Virol 2004; 149: 2115–29.
- Shattock AG, Morris MC. Evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassays for detection of hepatitis delta antigen and antihepatitis delta virus (HDV) and immunoglobulin M anti-HDV antibodies. J Clin Microbiol 1991; 29: 1873–6.
- Yamashiro T, Nagayama K, Enomoto N, Watanabe H, Miyagi T, Nakasone H et al. Quantitation of the level of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum, by real-time polymerase chain reaction and its possible correlation with the clinical stage of liver disease. J Infec Dis 2004; 89: 1151–7.
- Sakugawa H, Nakasone H, Kawakami Y, Adaniya H, Mizushima T, Nakayoshi T et al. Determination of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA in asymptomatic cases of HDV infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 2232–6.
- Mansour W, Bollahi MA, Hamed CT, Brichler S, Le Gal F, Ducancelle A et al. Virological and epidemiological features of hepatitis delta infection among blood donors in Nouakchott, Mauritania. J Clin Virol 2012; 55: 12–6.
- Tang JR, Cova L, Lamelin JP, Baginski I, Vitvitski L, Gaudin JL et al. Clinical relevance of the detection of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum by RNA hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. J Hepatol 1994; 21: 953–60.
- Niro GA, Gioffreda D, Fontana R. Hepatitis delta virus infection: open issues. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43: 19–24.
- Ferns RB, Nastouli E, Garson JA. Quantitation of hepatitis delta virus using a single-step internally controlled real-time RT-qPCR and a full-length genomic RNA calibration standard. J Virol Methods 2012; 179: 189–94.
- Jardi R, Buti M, Rodriguez-Frias F, Garcia-Lafuente A, Sjogren MH, Esteban R et al. Clinical significance of two forms of IgM antibody to hepatitis delta virus. Hepatology 1991; 14: 25–8.
- Huang YH, Wu JC, Sheng WY, Huo TI, Chang FY, Lee SD. Diagnostic value of anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies revisited: a study of total and IgM anti-HDV compared with detection of HDV-RNA by polymerase chain reaction. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 13: 57–61.
- Inoue J, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Narantuya L, Sakuma M, Kagawa Y et al. High prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection detectable by enzyme immunoassay among apparently healthy individuals in Mongolia. J Med Virol 2005; 76: 333–40.
- Özekinci T, Atmaca S, Akpolat N, Temiz H, Arıkan E. Short communication: evaluation of the correlation between hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA positivity and HDV antibodies. Mikrobiyol Bul 2005; 39: 345–9.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for laboratory testing and result reporting of antibody to Hepatitis C virus. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2003; 52(RR03): 1–
- Wedemeyer H. Re-emerging interest in hepatitis delta: new insights into the dynamic interplay between HBV and HDV. J Hepatol 2010; 52: 627–9.
- Le Gal F, Gordien E, Affolabi D, Hanslik T, Alloui C, Deny P et al. Quantification of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum by consensus real-time PCR indicates different patterns of virological response to interferon therapy in chronically infected patients. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 2363–9.