Sümeyra ACAR, Belkıs LEVENT, Ekrem ATALAN

A molecular epidemiological investigation of multistate outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis from clinical and environmental samples in Turkey, 2000-2010

To analyze interrelated Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated in Turkey. Fifty-five S. Enteritidis surveillance strains were isolated from human feces and environmental samples from different regions in Turkey between 2000 and 2010. Materials and methods: Clinical isolates were selected from different outbreaks in the Turkish National Reference Laboratory. All isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmid profile analysis, and XbaI-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: The strains were scanned against 20 antibiotics and for 3 of them (amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin), all strains were found to be sensitive. Five isolates had no plasmid. Most of test strains carried the 57-kb plasmid in common and 15 genotypes were identified among the 55 isolates. Six genotypes were related closely, 3 genotypes were undistinguished, and 6 genotypes were unrelated. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the phenotypic and molecular characterization of S. Enteritidis isolates from both environmental samples and clinical isolates in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Salmonella Enteritidis, plasmid, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, antimicrobial sensitivity

A molecular epidemiological investigation of multistate outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis from clinical and environmental samples in Turkey, 2000-2010

Keywords:

Salmonella Enteritidis, plasmid, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, antimicrobial sensitivity,

PDF

___

Pate M, Micunovic J, Bole-Hribovsek V, Lah AK, Raunik M, Kosir M, Harlander M, Cretnik TJ. Investigation of two Salmonella serovar Enteritidis outbreaks using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: a good example of collaboration at the national level. Slov Vet Res 2011;48: 99–105.
Ridley AM, Threlfall EJ, Rowe B. Genotypic characterization of Salmonella enteritidis phage types by plasmid analysis, ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2314–2321.
Kado CI, Liu ST. Rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. J Bacteriol 1981; 145: 1365–73.
CDC. PulseNet Pathogens and Protocols. Atlanta, GA, USA: CDC; 2013.
Tenover EC, Arbeit RD, Goering RV, Mickelsen PA, Murray BE, Persing DH, Swaminathan B. Interpreting chromosomal DNA restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis: criteria for bacterial strain typing. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 2233–2239.
Us E, Erdem B, Tekeli A, Gerçeker D, Saran B, Bayramova M, Şahin F. Investigation of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis isolates by plasmid profile analysis and pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Mikrobiyol Bul 2011; 45: 210–227 (in Turkish with English abstract).
Ghozzi-Abbassi I, Jaouani A, Aissa RB, Martinez-Urtaza J, Boudabous A, Gtari M. Antimicrobial resistance and molecular analysis of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human in Tunisia. Pathologie Biologie 2011; 59: 207–212.
Campioni F, Bergamini AM, Falcao JP. Genetic diversity, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from food and humans over a 24-year period in Brazil. Food Microbiol 2012; 32: 254–264.
Humphrey T. Salmonella stress responses and food safety. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2: 504–509.
Gantois I, Ducatelle R, Pasmans F, Haesebrouck F, Humphrey TJ, Van Immerseel F. Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella enteritidis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2009; 33: 718–738.
Hendriksen RS, Vieira AR, Karlsmose S. Global monitoring of Salmonella serovar distribution from the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network Country Data Bank: results of quality assured laboratories from 2001 to 2007. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8: 887–900.
Ben Aissa R, Al-Gallas N, Troudi H, Belhadj N, Belhadj A. Trends in Salmonella enterica serotypes isolated from human, food, animal, and environment in Tunisia, 1994-2004. J Infect 2007; 55: 324–339.
Levent B, Sezen F, Güleşen R, Gözalan A, UEPLA Çalışma Grubu. Ulusal Enterik Patojenler Laboratuvar Sürveyans Ağı (UEPLA) Salmonella ve Shigella suşları ve antimikrobiyal direnç durumları, 2007-2009. In: XXXIV. Türk Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi, Antalya, Turkey; 2006. p. 234 (in Turkish).
Castro FA, Dos Santos VR, Gomes Martins CH, Fernandes SA, Zaia JE, Martinez R. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella serotypes in patients from Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 1985 and 1999. Braz J Inf Dis 2002; 6: 244–251.
Erdem B, Hasçelik G, Gedikoğlu S, Gür D, Ercis S, Sümerkan B, Aysev AD, Tuncer İ, Tuğrul M, Tatman Otkun M et al. Salmonella enterica serotypes and Salmonella infections: a multicenter study covering ten provinces in Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul 2004; 38: 173–186 (in Turkish with English abstract).
Kalender H, Şen S. Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis strains isolated from chicken and chicken meat by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 2008; 34: 15–24 (in Turkish with English abstract).
Helmuth R, Stephan R, Bunge C, Hoog B, Steinbeck A, Bulling E. Epidemiology of virulence associated plasmids and outer membrane protein patterns with seven common Salmonella serovars. Infect Immun 1985; 48: 175–182.
Oliveira SD, Bessa MC, Santos LR, Itapema Cardoso MRI, Brandelli A, Canal CW. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates. B J Microbiol 2007; 38: 720–728.
Soyer Y, Alcaine SD, Schoonmaker-Bopp DJ, Root TP, Marnick LD, McDonough PL, Dumas NB, Gröhn YT, Wiedmann M, Schoonmaker-Bopp DJ. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis diversity of human and bovine clinical Salmonella isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7: 707–717.
Aktas Z, Day M, Kayacan CB, Diren S, Threlfall EJ. Molecular characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis by plasmid analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 30: 541–545.