Mohsen ABDEL-TAVVAB, Abdel-Hamid M. EID, Hany I. EL-MARAKBY, Ali E. ABDELGHANY

The assessment of water quality and primary productivity in earthen fishponds stocked with stripped mullet (Mugil cephalus) and subjected to different feeding regimes

The effects of different feeding regimes of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) on water quality and phytoplankton fluctuations in earthen fishponds were studied. Striped mullet (35.1±1 g) was stocked at a rate of 1 fish/m2 for 105 days. The first treatment ponds (control) received only organic and inorganic fertilizers. The second treatment ponds (Tl) received organic and inorganic fertilizers as in the first treatment and supplemental feed at a rate of 3% of fish body weight (bw). The third treatment ponds (T2) received only supplemental feed at a rate of 5% of bw. Each treatment was represented by three replicates. Results revealed that there were no significant differences in water temperature, pH, free ammonia, and water conductivity among the treatments. Dissolved oxygen, orthophosphate and nitrate concentrations in control and Tl ponds were significantly higher than those of T2 ponds. Water turbidity was significantly higher in Tl ponds than that of the other treatment ponds. Phytoplankton and zooplankton abundances were significantly higher in control and Tl ponds than those of T2 ponds. The final weight of striped mullet was maximized at T2 ponds, while the lowest one was in control ponds. It could be concluded that striped mullet could utilize both supplemental and/or natural food.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ekosistem, su kalitesi, mevsimsel bolluk, fitoplankton, yemleme, beslenme alışkanlığı, Mugil cephalus, zooplankton

PDF

___

Abdel-Tawwab, M, Abdelghany, A.E., El-Ayouty, Y.M. and El-Essawy, A.A. 2002a. Effect of different doses of inorganic fertilizers on water quality, primary productivity and production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in earthen ponds. Egypt, J. Agric. Res., 80(4): 1891-1907.

Abdel-Tawwab, M., Abdelghany, A.E., El-Ayouty, Y.M. and El-Essawy, A.A. 2002b. Effect of inorganic fertilizers with different N/P/K ratios on water quality, primary productivity and production of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in earthen ponds. Egypt. J. Agric. Res., 80(4): 1909-1923.

Ahmad, M.H., Afedelghany, A.E. and Abdel-Tawwab, M. 2001. Phytoplankton dynamics in fertilized earthen ponds received supplemental feed at different timing for different periods. Egypt. J. Botony, 41(1): 79-98.

American Public Health Association, APHA, 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 16th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., USA.

Benemann, J.R., Weissman, J.C., Koopman, B.L. and Oswald, W.J. 1977. Energy production by microbial photosynthesis. Nature, 268: 19-23.

Boyd, C.E. 1984. Water Quality in Warmwater Fishponds. Auburn University, Agricultural Experimental Station, Auburn, Alabama, USA.

Brusle, J. 1981. Food and feeding in grey mullet. In: O.H. Oren (Ed.), Aquaculture of Grey Mullet, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 185-217.

Cromar, N.J. and Fallowfield, H.J. 1997. Effect of nutrient loading and retention time on performance of high rate algal ponds. J. Applied Phycology, 9: 301-309.

D'Elia, C.F., Sanders, J.G. and Boynton, W.R. 1986. Nutrient enrichment studies in a coastal plain estuary: phytoplankton growth in large-scale, continuous cultures. Canad. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 43: 397-406.

Descy, J.P. 1987. Phytoplankton composition and dynamics in river Meuse (Belgium). Arch. Hydrbiol. (Suppl. 78), 2: 225-247.

Diana, J.S., Lin, C.K. and Schneeberger, PJ. 1991. Relationships among nutrient inputs, water nutrient concentrations, primary productivity and yield of Oreochromis niloticus in ponds. Aquaculture, 92: 323-341.

Diana, J.S., Lin, C.K. and Jaiyen, K. 1994. Supplemental feeding of tilapia in fertilized ponds. J. World Aquacult. Soc, 25: 497-506.

Diana, J.S., Lin, C.K. and Yang, Y. 1996. Timing of supplemental feeding for tilapia production. J. World Aquacul. Soc, 27(4): 410-419.

Dytham, C. 1999. Choosing and Using Statistics: A Biologist's Guide. Blackwell Science Ltd., London, UK. 147 pp.

El-Ayouty, Y.M., El-Essawy, A.A. and Said, A.A. 1999. The assessment of water quality of Enan and El Abbassa ponds, Egypt. Acta Hydrobiol., 41(2): 117 137.

El-Ayouty, Y. M., El-Essawy, A.A., Abdelghany, A.E. and Abdel-Tawwab, M. 1994. Effect of different N/P/K ratios on physico-chemical changes and phytoplankton standing crop in fish pond. Bull. Fac. Sci. Zag. Univ., 16(1): 216-239.

Fernando, C.H. 1994. Zooplankton, fish and fisheries in tropical fresh waters. Hydrobiologia, 272: 105-123.

Gardner, W.S. and Scavia, D. 1981. Kinetic examination of nitrogen release by zooplankters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26: 801-810.

Green, B.W. 1992. Substitution of organic manure for pelleted feed in tilapia production. Aquaculture, 101: 213-222.

Harrison, I.J. and Senou, H. 1997. Mugilidae: Mullets. In: K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (Eds.), FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes, The Western Central Pacific References No. 9812, 41-42.

Hutchinson, G.E. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. Vol. II. Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, USA, 660 pp.

Ibrahim, A.M., Abd El-Hakim, N.F., Nagdy, Z.A. and Ali, N.A. 2003. Effect of fish pond fertilization systems on water physico-chemical properties and phyto and zooplankton communities. (Ain Shams Univ.) J. Environ. Sci., 7(1): 107-133.

Jana, S.N., Garg, S.K. and Patra, B.C. 2004. Effect of periphyton on growth performance of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus (Linn.), in inland saline groundwater ponds. J. Appl. Ichthyol., 20(2): 110-117.

Jeppesen, E., Jensen, J.P., S0ndergaard, M., Fenger-Gr0n, M., Bramm, M.E., Sandby, K., M0ller, P.H. and Rasmussen, H.U. 2004. Impact of fish predation on cladoceran body weight distribution and zooplankton grazing in lakes during winter. Freshwater Biology, 49 (4): 432-447.

Katz, T., Herut, B., Genin, A. and Angel, D.L. 2002. Gray mullets ameliorate organically enriched sediments below a fish farm in the oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 234: 205 214.

Kobbia, I.A. 1982. The standing crop and primary production of phytoplankton in Lake Brollus. Egypt. J. Botany, 25 (1-3): 109-127.

Lazzaro, X. 1987. A review of planktivorous fishes: their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities and impacts. Hydrobiologia, 146: 97-167.

Lehman, J.T. and Sandgren, CD. 1985. Species-specific rates of growth and grazing loss among freshwater algae. Limnol. Oceanogr., 30: 34-46

Lupatsch, I., Katz, T. and Angel, D.L. 2003. Assessment of the removal efficiency of fish farm effluents by grey mullets: a nutritional approach. Aquacult. Res., 34: 1367-1377.

Lynch, M. and Shapiro, J. 1981. Predation, enrichment and phytoplankton community structure. Limnol. Oceanogr., 26: 86-102

Mavuti, K.M. 1990. Ecology and role of zooplankton in the fishery of lake Naivasha. Hydrobiologia, 208: 131 140.

Northcote, T.G. 1988. Fish in the structure and function of freshwater ecosystems: a "top-down" view. Canad. J. Aquat. Sci., 45:361-3.

Odum, W.E. 1970. Utilization of the direct grazing and plant detritus food chains by the striped mullet Mugil cephalus. In: J.J. Steele (Ed.), Marine Food Chain. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh: 222-240.

Oren, O.H. 1981. Aquaculture of Grey Mullets. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA, 507 p.

Peters, R.H. and Downing, J.A. 1984. Empirical analysis of zooplankton filtering and feeding rates. Limnol. Oceanogr., 29: 763-784.

Porter, C.B., Krost, P., Gordin, H. and Angel, D.L. 1996. Preliminary assessment of grey mullet {Mugil cephalus) as a forager of organically enriched sediments below marine fish farms. Israel J. Aquaculture, 48: 47-55.

Prescott, G.W. 1961. Algae of the Western Great Lakes Area. W.M.C. Brown Company Publishers, Dubuque, IA, USA, 990 pp.

Reynolds, C.S. 1984. The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 384 pp.

Sarig, S. 1981. The mugilidae in polyculture in fresh and brackish water fishponds. In: O.H. Oren (Ed.), Aquaculture of Grey Mullet, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK: 391-409.

Schroeder, G.L. 1974. Use of fluid cowshed manure in fish ponds. Bamidgeh, 26: 84-96.

Seymour, E.A.*H980. The effects and control of algal blooms in fish ponds. Aquaculture, 19: 55-74.

Shannon, C.R. and Weaver, W. 1949. The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Urbana University Press, Urbana, Illinois, 117 pp.

Sheehan, J.P. 1984. Effects of pollutants on community and ecosystem structure and dynamics. In: J.P. Shaheen, D.R. Miller, G.C. Butler and P. Bourdeau (Eds.), Effects Of Pollutants At The Ecosystem Levels. John Wiley Sons Ltd., New York: 51-99.

Stickney, R.R. 1979. Principles of Warmwater Aquaculture. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, USA, 375 pp.

Tailing, J.F. 1986. The seasonally of phytoplankton in African lakes. In: M. Munawar and J.F. Tailing (Eds.), Seasonality of Freshwater Phytoplankton: A Global Perspective. Junk Publ., Boston, USA: 139- 160.

Turker, H., Eversole, A.G. and Burne, D.E. 2003. Effect of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), size on phytoplankton filtration rate. Aquacult. Res., 34(12): 1087-1091.

Verity, P.G. 1986. Grazing of phototrophic nanoplankton by microzooplankton in Narragansett Bay. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 29: 105-115.

Wells, R.D. 1984. The food of grey mullet Mugil cephalus L. in lake Waahi and the Waikato River at Huntly, New Zealand. J. Mar. Freshwater Res., 18(1): 13-19.

Wetzel, R.G. 1983. Limnology. 2nd edition. Saunders College Publishing, New York, USA, 858 pp.