The composition and temporal variation of fish assemblages were investigated in the mangrove of Qinzhou Harbor, Guangxi Province, China from October 2011 to September 2012. A total of 67 fish species belonging to 57 genera, 32 families and 12 orders were collected. The Gobiidae (23.9%) were the most species-rich families, and the dominant species were Acentrogobius viridipunctatus and Bostrychus sinensis. Species richness, total abundance, total biomass and individual species abundance or biomass for the numerically abundant fish species were significantly different seasonally, such as abundance and biomass for A. viridipunctatus, B. sinensis, Glossogobius giuris, Acanthogobius hasta, Gerres limbatus, Sillago sihama, Lateolabrax japonicas, Moolgarda cunnesius and Leiognathus brevirostris. The Non-metric Multidimensional Scalings (NMDS) ordination showed a clear separation of fish samples with an anticlockwise direction for different sampling months, which indicated a gradual change in fish assemblages over the months. Results of two-way ANOVA showed fish species richness, total abundance and total biomass were significantly affected by tidal type in the mangrove of Qinzhou Harbor. However, NMDS ordination showed an unclear separation of fish samples between spring tide and neap tide. One-way ANOSIM further revealed no significant effects of tidal type.
___
Alongi, D.M. 2002. Present state and future of the world's mangrove forests. Environmental Conservation, 29: 331-349. doi: 10.1017/S0376892902000231
Baban, S.M.J. 1997. Environmental monitoring of estuaries estimating and mapping various environmental indicators in Breydon Water Estuary, UK, using Landsat TM imagery. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44(5): 589-598. doi:10.1016/ecss.1996.0142
Barbier, E.B., Hacker, S.D., Kennedy, C., Koch, E.W., Stier and A.C., Silliman, B.R. 2011. The value of estuarine and coastal ecosystem services. Ecological Monograph,81: 169-193. doi: 10.1890/10-1510.1
Barletta, M., Bergan, A.B., Paul, U.S. and Hubold, G. 2005. The role of salinity in structuring the fish assemblages in a tropical estuary. Journal of Fish Biology, 66:45- 72. doi: 10.1111/j.00221112.2005.00582.x
Braletta-Bergan, A., Braletta, M. and Saint-Paul, U. 2002. Community structure and temporal variability of ichthyoplankton in North Brazilian mangrove creeks. Journal of Fish Biology, 61:33-51. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb01759.x
Cao, Y., Williams, D.D. and Williams, N.E. 1998. How important are rare species in aquatic community ecology and bioassessment? Limnology and Oceanography, 43(7):1403-1409. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2839023
Chen, B., Yu, W., Liu, W. and Liu, Z. 2012. An assessment on restoration of typical marine ecosystems in chinaAchievementsand lessons. Ocean & Coastal Management, 57: 53-61. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2011.11.007
Chen, G., Yu, D., Ye, Y. and Chen, B. 2013. Impacts of mangrove vegetation on macro-benthic faunal communities. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33: 327-336. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10. 5846/stxb201111091699
Chen, Y. 2014. The research of petroleum pollution impact and contingency management in Guangxi coast of Beibu Gulf. MSc. thesis. Qingdao: Ocean University of China. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Cheng, Q. and Zheng, B. 1987. Systematic Synopsis of Chinese Fishes. Science Press, Beijing, 643pp. (in Chinese)
Clarke, K., Somerfield, P. and Chapman, M. 2006. On resemblance measures for ecological studies, including taxonomic dissimilarities and a zeroadjusted Bray-Curtis coefficient for denuded assemblages. Journal of Experimental Marine Biolology and Ecology, 330: 55-80. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.017
Dale, P.E.R., Knight, J.M. and Dwyer, P.G. 2014. Mangrove rehabilitation: a review focusing on ecological and institutional issues. Wetlands Ecology & Management, 22: 587-604. doi:10.1007/s11273- 014-9383-1
Duan, S.S. and Xu, J.L. 2004. Funetions of mangrove wetlands in the conservation of the coastal ecosystems. Ecological Science, 04:351-355 . (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2004.04.016
Fan, H., He, B. and Pernetta, J.C. 2013. Mangrove ecofarming in Guangxi Province China: an innovative approach to sustainable mangrove use. Ocean Coast Manage, 85: 201-208. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.04.009
Fan, H., He, B. and Wei, S. 1996. Influences of traditional fishing on the mangrove fisheries and management countermeasures in Yingluo Bay, Guangxi Province. Chinese Biodiversity, 4(3): 167-174. (in Chinese with English abstract)
FAO 2007. The World's Mangroves 1980-2005. FAO Forestry Paper 153. Forest Resources Division, FAO. Rome, p77 .
Halliday, I.A. and Young, W.R. 1996. Density, biomass and species composition of fish in a subtropical Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest. Marine & Freshwater Research, 47(4): 609-615. doi: 10.1071/MF9960609
Han, W., Lu, J. and He, X. 2003. Shellfish and Fish Biodiversity of Mangrove Ecosystems in Leizhou Peninsula, China. Journal of Coastal Development, 7:21-29. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Harrison, T.D. and Whitfield, A.K. 2006. Temperature and salinity as primary determinants influencing the biogeography of fishes in South African estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 66: 335-345. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.09.10;
He, B.Y. and Fan, H.Q. 2002. A study on seasonal dynamics of species diversity of fishes in tidal waters of creeks within the mangroves of Yingluo Bay, Guangxi. Chinese Biodiversity, 10: 175-180. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.17520/biods.2002022
He, B., Fan, H. and Mo, Z. 2001. Study on species diversity of fishes in the mangrove area of Yingluo Bay, Guangxi Province. Tropic Oceanology, 20(4):74-79. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10095470(2001)04-0074-06
He, B., Fan, H., Wang, M., Lai, T. and Wang, W. 2007. Species diversity in mangrove wetlands of China and its causation analyses. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 11: 4859-4870. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:1000-0933(2007)11-4859-12
He, F. 2004. Study on ecological restoration of mangrove ecosystem. Environmental Science and Technology, 27(04): 81-83,119. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2004.04.034
He, Q., Shen, W., Huang, X., Liu, X. and Tan, Y. 2013.The growth evaluation in different soil type of mangrove in Qinzhou bay. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 3:57-63. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:10.14067/j.cnki.1673- 923x.2013.03.024
Hindell, J.S. and Jenkin, G.P. 2004. Spatial and temporal variability in the assemblage structure of fishes associated with mangroves (Avicennia marina) and intertidal mudflats in temperate Australian embayments. Marine Biology,144: 385-395. doi: 10.1007/s00227-003-1201-x
Huang, L., Wu, Z. and Li, J. 2013. Fish fauna biogeography and conservation of freshwater fish in Poyang Lake Basin, China. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 96:1229-1243. doi: 10.1007/s10641-011- 9806-2
Huxham, M., Kimani, E. and Augley, J. 2004. Mangrove fish: a comparison of community structure between forested and cleared habitats. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 60: 637-647. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2004.03.003
Islam, M.S. and Ikejima, K. 2010. Gear type, species composition and economic value of fisheries in the mangroves of Pak Phanang, Thailand. WetlandsEcology & Management, 18: 27-36. doi:10.1007/s11273-009-9145-7
Kano, Y., Sato, T., Huang, L., Wood, C., Bessho, K., Matsumoto, T., Shimatani, Y. and Nakajima, J. 2013. Navigation disturbance and its impact on fish assemblage in the East Tiaoxi River, China. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 9: 289-298. doi: 10.1007/s11355-011-0181-0
Kimani, E.N., Mwatha, G.K., Wakwabi, E.O., Ntiba, J.M. and Okoth, B,K. 1996. Fishes of a shallow tropical mangrove estuary, Gazi, Kenya. Marine & Freshwater Research, 47(7): 857-868. doi: 10.1071/MF9960857
Krumme, U. and Saint-Paul, B.U. 2008. Spring-neap cycle as a major driver of temporal variations in feeding of intertidal fishes: Evidence from the sea catfish Sciades herzbergii (Ariidae) of equatorial west Altanic mangrove creeks. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 367(2): 91-99. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.20 08.08.020
Lai, T. and He, B. 1998. Studies on the macrobenthos species diversity for Guangxi Mangrove Areas. Guangxi Science, 5: 166-172. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.13656/j.cnki.gxkx.1998.03.002
Lan, Z. and Chen, G. 2007. Utilization and conservation of mangroves in South China Sea. Marine Environmental Science, 04: 355-359. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:1007-6336(2007)04-0355-05.
Li, C. 2004. Quantitative distribution of mangroves in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Journal of Beijing Forestry Univeristy 26: 47-52. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.13332/j.1000- 1522.2004.01.009.
Li, G., Liang, W. and Liu, J. 2001. Features of underwater dynamic geomorphology of the Qinzhou Bay. Geography and Territorial Research, 17: 70-75. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:1001- 8107(2001)04-0070-06
Li, J., Huang, L., Zou, L., Kano, Y., Sato, T. and Yahara, T. 2012. Spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages and their association to habitat variables in a mountain stream of North Tiaoxi River, China. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 93: 403-417. doi: 10.1007/s10641-011-9928-6.
Li, M.S. and Lee, S.Y. 1997. Mangroves of China: a brief review. Forest Ecology and Management, 96: 241- 259. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00054-6
Lin, H.J. and Shao, K.T. 1999. Seasonal and diel changes in a subtropical mangrove fish assemblage. Bulletin of Marine Science, 65(3):775-794.
Liu, Y., Ling, B. and Xu, P. 2009. On the wetland ecosystem protection of Maowei Sea Mangrove Reserve in Qinzhou, Guangxi. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 13:97-99,102. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:1008-1631(2009)04-0097-03
Magurran, A.E. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell publishing, London, 260pp.Morrison, M., Francis, M., Hartill, B. and Parkinson, D. 2002. Diurnal and tidal variation in the abundance of the fish fauna of a temperate tidal mudflat. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54: 793-807.doi:10.1006/ecss.2001.0857 Nagelkerken, I., De Schryver, A.M., Verweij, M.C.,Dahdouh-Guebas, F., van der Veld, G. and Koedam,N. 2010. Differences in root architecture influence attraction of fishes to mangroves: A field experiment mimicking roots of different length, orientation, and complexity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology, 396:27-34. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.10.002
Nagelkerken, I. and Faunce, C.H. 2008. What makes mangroves attractive to fish? Use of artificial units to test the influence of water depth, cross-shelf location, and presence of root structure. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 79: 559-565. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2008.04.011
Nanjo, K., Kohno, H. and Sano, M. 2008. Food habits of fishes in the mangrove estuary of Urauchi River, Iriomote Island, southern Japan. Fisheries Science, 74(5):1024-1033. doi:10.1111/j.1444- 2906.2008.01620.x
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the world, 4th Edn. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey. Newman, S.P., Handy, R.D. and Gruber, S.H. 2007. Spatial and temporal variations in mangrove and seagrass faunal communities at Bimini, Bahamas. Bulletin of Marine Science, 80(3):529-553. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bull mar/2007/00000080/00000003/art00008
Nong, S., Yang, X., Li, D., Yang, L., Xu, Z., Chen, Y. and Luo, Z. 2011. Vegetation composition in the mangrove forest nature protection area of Qinglan, China. Plant Science Journal, 29:459-466. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3724 /SP.J. 1142.2011.40459
Peet, R.K. 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 5:285-307. doi: 10.1146/annurev.es.05.110174.001441
Peng ,Y., Zhou, Y. and Chen, G. 2008. The restoration of mangrove wetland: a review. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28: 786-797. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi:1000-0933(2008)02-0786-12
Qing, N. and Lin, Y. 2004. Characteristics of quantitative distribution and species composition of fouling fauna in Dongwan Mangrove stands of Fangchenggang, Guangxi. Journal of Tropic Oceanography, 23:64-68. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 1009-5470(2004)01-0064-05
Qiu, M. 2014. Research on the influence of aquaculture and restoration on the mangrove environment. MSc. thesis, Hainan: Hainan Normal University. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Rosso, J.J., Sosnovsky, A., Rennella, A.M. and Quiros, R. 2010. Relationships between fish species abundances and water transparency in hypertrophic turbid waters of temperate shallow lakes. International Review of Hydrobiology, 95: 142-155. oi: 10.1002/iroh.200911187
Shervette, V.R., Aguirre, W.E., Blacio, E., Cevalllos, R., Gonzalez, M., Pozo, F. and Gelwick, F. 2007. Fish communities of a disturbed mangrove wetland and an adjacent tidal river in Palmar, Ecuador. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science, 72: 115-128. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2006.10.010
Smith, K.A. 2003. A simple multivariate technique to improve the design of a sampling strategy for agebased fishery monitoring. Fisheries Research, 64: 79-85. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(03)00180-2
Tommaso, G. and Krumme, U. 2009.Temporal patterns in the occurrence of selected tropical fishes in mangrove creeks: implication for the fisheries management in North Brazil. Brazilian Archives of Biology & Technology, 52(3): 679-688. doi: 10.1590/S1516- 89132009000300020.
Tongnunui, P., Ikejima, K., Yamane, T., Horinouchi, M., Medej, T., Sano, M., Kurokura, H. and Taniuchi, T. 2002. Fish fauna of the Sikao Creek mangrove estuary, Trang, Thailand. Fisheries Science, 68(1): 10-17. doi: 10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00383.x
UNEP 2008. Strategic action programme for the South China Sea. UNEP, Bangkok, Thailand. UNEP/GEF/SCS Technical Publication No. 16
Wang, M., Huang, Z., Shi, F. and Wang, W. 2009. Are vegetated areas of mangroves attractive to juvenile and small fish? The case of Dongzhaigang Bay, Hainan Island, China. Estuarine, Coastal & Shelf Science, 85: 208-216. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.08.022
Wu, S. and Liang, S. 2008. Impacts of human activities on ecosystem in mangroves. Marine Environmental Science, 5:537-542. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu, L., Zhou, F., Jiang, G., Yu, C. and Wu, Y. 2012. Diversity of summer birds in marine-terrestrial interlaced Zone of Shankou district. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 31:655-659. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2012.04.034
Ye, N., Wu, X. and Zhang, W. 2007. Survey of fishes in Gaoqiao mangrove zone in Zhanjiang. Journal of Guangdong Ocean University, 27:55-61.
Zhu, Y., Zhang, C. and Cheng, Q. 1962. Fishes of the South China Sea. Science Press, Beijing,1184pp.