Cemal TURAN, Mevlüt GÜRLEK, Deniz ERGÜDEN, Deniz YAĞLIOĞLU, Bayram ÖZTÜRK

Systematic status of nine mullet species (Mugilidae) in the Mediterranean Sea

Akdeniz’de yaşayan Mugilidae familyasına ait dört cins ve dokuz kefal türü (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Mugil soiuy Basilewsky, 1855, Liza ramada (Risso, 1827), Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), Liza abu (Heckel, 1843), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810), Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836), Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829)) arasındaki sistematik ilişki morfolojik karakterler kullanarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca ilk olarak kefal türleri içerisinde M. soiuy ve L. abu’nun sistematik durumu birlikte incelenmiştir. Morfometrik verilere dayalı hiyerarşi küme analizi meristik verilerle aynı bulunmadı. Kefal türlerinin taksonomik sınıflandırılmasında meristik karakterler morfometrik karakterlere göre türleri daha ayırt edici özellikteydi. UPGM ağacına göre tüm türler iki ana branş altında toplandı. İlk branşta, C. labrosus ve O. labeo birlikte en yakın taksa olarak sınıflandırıldı ve L. aurata’da bu iki türe yakın en ilişki içerisinde sınıflandırıldı. Diğer dört Liza türü iki alt branş olarak bu grupta sınıflandırıldı; ilk branşta L. carinat ve L. saliens birbirine en yakın türler ve bunlara yakın olan L. ramada ile sınıflandırıldı, ikinci branşta iki tatlı su orijinli tür olan L. abu ve M. soiuy birlikte diğer türlerden çok farklı bir şekilde sınıflandırıldı. M. cephalus ise tüm türlerden çok farklı olarak sınıflandırıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

morfoloji, mullet, türler, Akdeniz, Mugilidae

Akdenizde bulunan dokuz barbun türünün (Mugilidae) sistematik durumu

Systematic relationships among four genera and nine species (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758, Mugil soiuy Basilewsky, 1855, Liza ramada (Risso, 1827), Liza aurata (Risso, 1810), Liza abu (Heckel, 1843), Liza saliens (Risso, 1810), Liza carinata (Valenciennes, 1836), Chelon labrosus (Risso, 1827), Oedalechilus labeo (Cuvier, 1829)) of the Mugilidae family living in the Mediterranean Sea were investigated using morphological characters. Moreover the systematic relationship of M. soiuy and L. abu among other mullet species was investigated in the present study for the first time. Hierarchical cluster analyses of morphometric data were not concordant with the meristic data. Meristic characters in the present study were more discriminative than morphometric characters in terms of taxonomic classification of the mullets. According to meristic data in UPGMA tree, all nine species were grouped in two main branching. In the first branch, C. labrosus and O. labeo were clustered as closest taxa, and being the sister group to the L. aurata. The other four Liza species produced two sub-branching in this group; L. carinata was branched with L. saliens, which is neighbour to L. ramada. In the second branch two species, M. soiuy and L. abu were clustered together and highly isolated from others. M cephalus was clustered as a most differentiated species from all other Mugil species.

Keywords:

morphology, mullets, species, Mediterranean Sea, Mugilidae,

PDF

___

Allendorf, F.W., Ryman, N. and Utter, F. 1987. Genetics and Fishery Management. In: N. Ryman and F. Uttter (Eds.), Past, Present and Future in Population Genetic Fisheries Management, University of Washington Press, Seattle and London: 1-20.
Antovic, I. and Simonovic, P. 2006. Phenetic relationships of six species of mullets (Mugilidae) from the south Adriatic, as inferred from the study of the visceral and dermal skeleton. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 32: 250-254. doi:10.1134/S1063074006040080.
Baltz, D.M. 1991. Introduced fishes in marine systems and inland seas. Biological Conservation, 56: 151-177. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(91)90015-2.
Bauchot, M.L. 1987. Poissons osseux. In: W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (Eds.), Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev.1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome: 891-1421.
Ben-Tuvia, A. 1986. Mugilidae. In: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.L. Bauchot, J.C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (Eds.), Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, UNESCO, Paris: 1197-1204.
Caldara, F., Bargelloni, L., Ostellari, L., Penzo, E., Colombo, L. and Patarnello, T. 1996. Molecular phylogeny of grey mullets based on Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis: Evidence of differential rate of evolution at the intra family level. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 6: 416-424. doi: 10.1006/mpev.1996.0090.
Cataudella, S., Civitelli, M.V. and Capanna, E. 1974. Chromosome complement of the Mediterranean mullets (Pisces, perciformes). Caryologia, 27: 93.
Corti, M. and Crosetti, D. 1996. Geographic variation in the grey mullet geometric morphometric analysis using partial warp scores. Journal of Fish Biology, 48: 255-269. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01117.x.
Crosetti, D., Nelson, W.S. and Avice, J.C. 1994. Prononunced genetic structure of mitochondrial DNA among populations of the circum-globally distributed grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linnaeus). Journal of Fish Biology, 44: 47-58. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649. 1994.tb01584.x.
Elliott, N.G., Haskard, K. and Koslow, J.A. 1995. Morphometric analysis of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) off the continental slope of southern Australia. Journal of Fish Biology, 46: 202-220. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05962.x.
Fraga, E., Schneider, H., Nirchio, M., Santa-Brigida, E., Rodrigues-Filho, L.F. and Sampaio, I. 2007. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mullets (Mugilidae, Mugiliformes) based on two mitochondrial genes. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 23: 598-604. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.00911.x.
Golani, D., Orsi-Relini, L., Massuti, E. and Quingnard, J.P. 2002. CIESM Atlas of Exotic Species in the Mediterranean. In: F. Briand (Ed.), Fishes, Volume 1, CIESM Publisher, Monaco: 256.
Gornung, E., Cordisco, C.A., Rossi, A.R., De Innocentiis, S., Crosetti, D. and Sola, L. 2001. Chromosomal evolution in mugilids: karyotype characterization of Liza saliens and comparative localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the six Mediterranean grey mullets. Marine Biology, 139: 55-60. doi: 10.1007/s002270100576.
Gornung, E., Mannarelli, M.E., Rossi, A.R. and Sola, L. 2004. Chromosomal evolution in Mugilidae (Pisces, Mugiliformes): FISH mapping of the (TTAGGG)n telomeric repeat in the six Mediterranean mullets. Hereditas, 140: 158-159. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223. 2004.01784.x.
Harrision, I.J. and Howes, G.J. 1991. The pharyngobranchial organ of mugilid fishes. Its structure, variability, ontogeny, possible function and taxonomic utility. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, 57: 111-132. ISSN 0007-1498.
Harrison, I.J. and Senou, H. 1999. Order Mugiliformes. In: K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific, FAO Species Identification Guide for Fisheries Purposes. FAO, Rome: 2069-2790. ISSN 1020-6868.
Ihssen, P.E., Booke, H.E., Casselman, J.M., Mcglade, J.M., Payne, N.R. and Utter, F.M. 1981. Stock Identification: Materials and Methods. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38: 1838-1855. doi: 10.1139/f81-230.
Kaya, M., Mater, S. and Korkut, A.Y. 1998. A new grey mullet species "Mugil so-iuy Basilewsky" (Teleostei. Mugilidae) from the Aegean Coast of Turkey. Turkish Journal Zoology, 22: 303-306.
Menezes, M.R., Martins, M. and Naik, S. 1992. Interspecific genetic divergence in grey mullets from the Goa region. Aquaculture, 105 (2): 117-129. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(92)90124-4.
Murgia, R., Tola, G., Archer, S.N., Vallerga, S. and Hirano, J. 2002. Genetic identification of grey mullet species (Mugilidae) by analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence: Application to identify the origin of processed ovary products (Bottarga). Marine Biology, 4: 119-126. doi: 10.1007/s10126-001-0074-6.
Nelson, J.S. 2006. Fishes of the World, 4th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 601 pp.
Papasotiropoulos, V., Klossa-Kilia, E., Kilias, G. and Alahiotis, S. 2002. Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships in grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) based on PCR-RFLP analysis of mtDNA segments. Biochemical Genetics, 40 (3-4): 71-86. doi: 10.1023/A:1015162304934
Papasotiropoulos, V., Klossa-Kilia, E., Alahiotis, S.N. and Kilias, G. 2007. Molecular phylogeny of grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugilidae) in Greece: Evidence from sequence analysis of mtDNA segments. Biochemical Genetics, 45: 623-636. doi: 10.1007/s10528-007-9101-2.
Reist, J.D. 1985. An empirical evaluation of several univariate methods that adjust for size variation in morphometric variation. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63: 1429-1439. doi: 10.1139/z86-203.
Rossi, A.R., Capula, M., Crosetti, D., Campton, D.E. and Sola, L. 1998. Genetic divergence and phylogenetic inferences in five species of Mugilidae (Pisces: Perciformes). Marine Biology, 131: 213. doi: 10.1007/s002270050313.
Rossi, A.R., Ungaro, A., De Innocentiis, S., Crosetti, D. and Sola, L. 2004. Phylogenetic analysis of Mediterranean mugilids by allozymes and 16S mt-rRNA genes investigation: are the Mediterranean species of Liza monophyletic? Biochemical Genetics, 42: 301-315. doi: 10.1023/B:BIGI.0000039806.12756.81.
Schultz, L.P. 1946. A revision of the genera of mullets, fishes of the family Mugilidae, with descriptions of three new genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 96: 377-395.
Somers, K.M. 1986. Multivariate allometry and removal of size with Principal component analysis. Systematic Zoology, 35: 359-368. doi:10.2307/2413387.
Stiassny, M.L.J. 1993. What are grey mullets? Bulletin of Marine Science, 52: 197-219.
Strauss, R.E. and Bookstein, F.L. 1982. The truss. Body form reconstruction in morphometrics. Systematic Zoology, 31: 113-135. doi:10.2307/2413032.
Strauss, R.E. 1985. Evolutionary allometry and variation in body form in the South American catfish genus Corydoras (Callichthyidae). Systematic Zoology, 34: 381-396. doi:10.2307/2413203.
Tortonese, E. 1975. Fauna d’ Italia: Osteichtyes (Pessi Ossei). Parte Seconda, Edizioni Calderini, Bologna: 11-26.
Trewavas, E. and Ingham, S.E. 1972. A key to the species of Mugilidae (Pisces) in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, with explanatory notes. Journal Zoology, 167: 15-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1972. tb01720.x.
Turan, C., Başusta, N. and Çekiç, M. 2000. Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz’de Bulunan Kefal Türlerinin (Mugilidae) Truss Sistemine Göre Sistematik Olarak İncelenmesi. I.Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, 30 Mayıs-2 Haziran 2000, ODTÜ., Ankara: 272-273.
Turan, C., Erguden, D., Gürlek, M. and Turan, F. 2004. Genetic and morphologic variations in Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) populations from the Orontes, Euphrates and Tigris Rivers. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 28: 729-734.
Turan, C., Caliskan, M. and Kucuktas, H. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of nine mullet species (Mugilidae) in the Mediterranean Sea. Hydrobiologia, 532: 45-51. doi: 10.1007/s10750-004-8772-5.
Unsal, S. 1992. A new mullet species in Turkish Seas, Mugil so-iuy Basilewsky. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 16: 427-432.
Zaitsev, Y.P. 1991. Eutrophication in the Black Sea. Paper Presented at International Workshop on the Black Sea. Focus on the Western Black Sea Shelf. 30 September- 04 October 1995. Varna, Bulgaria.