Alpha-cypermethrin, which is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide and potential toxic pollutant, contaminating aquatic ecosystems was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) adults were selected for the bioassay experiments. The experiments were repeated three times and the 96-h LC50 value was determined for the adults. The static test method of acute toxicity test was used. Water temperature was regulated at 24±1°C. In addition, behavioural changes at each alpha-cypermethrin concentration were observed for the individual fish. Data obtained from the alpha-cypermethrin acute toxicity tests were evaluated using the probit analysis statistical method. The 96-h LC50 value for Nile tilapia was estimated as 5.99 μg/L.
___
Adhikari, S., Sarkar, B., Chatterjee, A., Mahapatra, CT. and Ayyappan, S. 2004. Effects of cypermethrin and carbofuran on certain hematological parameters and prediction of their recovery in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf., 58(2): 220-226.
APHA, AWWA, WEF. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Washington, D.C.
Başer, S., Erkoç, F., Selvi, M. and Koçak, O. 2003. Investigation of acute toxicity of permethrin on guppies Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere, 51: 469 474.
Bradbury, S.P. and Coats, J.R. 1989. Comparative toxicology of phyrethroid insecticides. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 108: 133-177.
Clark, J.R., Jr.Patrick, J.M., Moore, J.C. and Lores, E.M. 1987. Waterborne and sediment-source toxicities of six organic chemicals to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and amphioxus (Branchiostoma caribaeum). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 16: 401-407.
Das, B.K. and Mukherjee, S.C. 2003. Toxicity of cypermethrin in Labeo rohita fingerlings: biochemical, enzymatic and haematological consequences. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 134(C): 109-121.
David, M., Mushigeri, S.B., Shivakumar, R. and Philip, G.H. 2004. Response of Cyprinus carpio (Linn) to sublethal concentration of cypermetrin: alterations in protein metabolic profiles. Chemosphere, 56: 347- 352.
Edwards, R., Millburn, P. and Hutson, D.H. 1986. Comparative toxicity of cis-cypermethrin in rainbow trout, frog, mouse and quail. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 84: 512-522.
Grayson, B.T., Green, M.B. and Copping, L.G. 1990. Pest Management in Rice Conference, London, U.K.: 455 464.
Greulich, K. and Pflugmacher, S. 2004. Uptake and effects on detoxication enzymes of cypermethrin in embryos and tadpoles of amphibians. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 47(4): 489-495.
Maund, S.J., Hamer, M.J., Lane, M.C.G., Farrelly, E., Rapley, J.H., Goggin, U.M. and Gentle, W.E. 2002. Partitioning, bioavailability, and toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin in sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 12: 9–15.
Moore, A. and Waring, C.P. 2001. The effects of a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on some aspects of reproduction in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquat. Toxicol., 52: 1-12.
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 1993. OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. OECD, Paris.
Philip, G.H., Reddy, P.M. and Sridevi, G. 1995. Cypermethrin induced in vivo alterations in the carbohydrate metabolism of freshwater fish, Labeo rohita. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 31: 173-178.
Polat, H., Erkoç, F.Ü., Viran, R. and Koçak, O. 2002. Investigation of acute toxicity of beta- cypermethrin on guppies Poecilia reticulata. Chemosphere, 49: 39 44.
Reddy, A.T.V. and Yellamna, K. 1991a. Perturbations in carbohydrate metabolism during cypermethrin toxicity in fish, Tilapia mossambica. Biochem. Internat., 23(4): 633-38.
Reddy, A.T.V., Ayyana, K. and Yellamma, K. 1991b. Cypermethrin induced modulations in lipid metabolism of freshwater teleost Tilapia mossambica. Biochem. Internat., 23(5): 963-67.
Saha, S. and Kaviraj, A. 2003. Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Int. J. Toxicol., 22(4):325-8.
Siegfried, B.D. 1993. Comparative toxicity of pyrethroid insecticides to terrestrial and aquatic insects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 12: 1683-89.
Smith, T.M., Stratton, G.W. (1986). Effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on nontarget organisms. Res. Rev. 97: 93-119.
Stephenson, R.R. 1982. Aquatic toxicology of cypermethrin. I. Acute toxicity to some freshwater fish and invertebrates in laboratory tests. Aquat. Toxicol., 2: 175-185.
Stephenson, R.R. 1983. WL85871 and Cypermethrin; a comparative study of their toxicity to the Rainbow trout, fathead minnow and Pimephales promelas. Sittingbourne, Shell Research (SBGR 82.298).
Stephenson, R.R., Choi, S.Y. and Olmos-Jerez, A. 1984. Determining the toxicity and hazard to fish of a rice insecticide. Crop Protec., 3: 151-165.
Turkish Official Gazette (Resmi Gazete). 1991. Su Kirliliği ve Kontrolü Yönetmeliği Numune Alma ve Analiz Metodları Tebliği. Zehirlilik Seyreltme Faktörü (ZSF) Tayini. Tarih: 7.1. Sayı: 20106.
US EPA. 1999. LC50 Software program, version 1.00. Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling (CEAM) Distribution Center.
URL 1. 2008. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/ jecmono/v38je07.htm
URL 2. 2008. http://www.dpiwe.tas.gov.au/
Wendt-Rasch, L., Friberg-Jensen, U., Woin, P. and Christoffersen, K. 2003. Effects of the pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin on a freshwater community studied under field conditions. II. Direct and indirect effects on the species composition. Aquat. Toxicol., 63: 373-389.
Yılmaz, M., Gül, A. and Erbaşlı, K. 2004. Acute toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin to guppy (Poecilia reticulata Pallas, 1859) Chemosphere, 56: 381-385.