Burak ÖTERLER, Belgin ÇAMUR ELİPEK, Salih Murat ARAT

Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Phytoplankton Community Assemblages in Süloğlu Reservoir (Edirne, Turkey)

Freshwater resources are some of the most important basic needs necessary for usage by people, especially for drinkingwater. Reservoirs that are built to store freshwater resources and access water on demand, may be prone to get moreenvironmental effects than natural resources. Phytoplankton, which is the first level of in primary production, is specificallyaffected by environmental changes in different ways. This study investigated the algal flora of Süloğlu Reservoir (Edirne,Turkey) which is utilized as a freshwater reserve, as well as environmental variables influential on its community structure.For this reason a sampling campaign was performed in three stations selected in the reservoir in 3 different depths betweenJanuary 2013 and November 2013. The study found 111 phytoplanktonic algae taxa belong to the divisions of Chlorophyta,Bacillariphyta, Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta, Charophyta Miozoa and Ochrophyta. Chlorophyta members were generallydominant, and some environmental factors (i.e. light, pH values, temperature) were significantly effective on the distributionof all algal communities. The Shannon diversity values changed in the range of 1.02-2.75. CCA analysis results showed thatthere was a noticeable relationship between water quality parameters (chlorophyll-a, pH and water temperature) and timebased changes in dominant phytoplankton species. Moreover, recommendations were provided for sustainable usage of thereservoir whose trophic level was determined.

PDF

___

Addinsoft, XLSTAT. (2015). Data analysis and statistics with MS Excel. Addinsoft, NY, USA. xlstat available at https:// www.xlstat.com/en/home.

Akçaalan, R., Köker, L., Gürevin, C. & Albay M. (2014). Planktothrix Rubescens: A Perennial Presence and Toxicity in Lake Sapanca, Turkish Journal of Botany, 38, 782–789. https://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1401-26

Akçaalan, R., Young, F., Metcalf, J., Morrison, L., Albay, M., & Codd, G.A. (2006). "Microcystin Analysis in Single Filaments of Planktothrix spp. in Laboratory Cultures and Environmental Blooms", Water Research, 40, 1583–1590. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.02.020

Akköz, C., & Güler, S. (2004). The Algal Flora of Topçu Lake (Yozgat) I: Epilithic and Epiphytic Algae. (in Turkish with English abstract). Selçuk University Journal of Science Faculty, 23, 7–14.

Albay, M., & Akçaalan, R. (2003). Factors influencing the phytoplankton steady state assemblages in a drinkingwater reservoir (Ömerli reservoir, Istanbul). Hydrobiologia, 502, 85–95. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000004272.387 02.c3

Albay, M., Akcaalan, R., Aykulu, G., Tufekci, H., Beattie, K.A., & Codd, G.A. (2003). Occurrence of toxic cyacobacteria before and after copper sulphate treatment in a water reservoir, İstanbul, Turkey. Algological Studies, 109, 67–78. https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1864-1318/2003/0109- 0067

Altuner, Z. (1984). A qualitative and quantitative studies on the phytoplankton taken from one station in Tortum Lake. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, A2, 8(2), 162–182.

APHA. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th ed. Am. Public Health Assoc., Washington DC, 10–137 pp.

Arat S.M. (2014). The investigation of the presence of microcystin in Suloglu dam lake (Edirne). (Master’s Thesis). Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. (in Turkish).

Aykulu, G., Obalı, O., & Gönülol, A. (1983). The distribution of the phytoplankton of some lakes of Ankara around (in Turkish with English abstract). Doğa Bilim Dergisi, 7, 277–288.

Aykulu, G., & Obalı, O. (1981). Phytoplankton biomass in the Kurtboğazı Dam Lake Com. De La Fac Sc.d’Ank. Serie C-2, 24, 29–45.

Baykal, T., Açıkgöz, İ., Yıldız, K., & Bekleyen, A. (2004). A Study on Algae in Devegeçidi Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Botany, 28, 457–472.

Boztuğ, D., Dere, T., Tayhan, N., Yıldırım, N., Danabaş, D., Yıldırım, N.C., Önal, A.Ö., Danabaş, S., Ergin, C., Uslu, G., & Ünlü, E. (2012). Uzunçayır Baraj Gölü (Tunceli) Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri ve Su Kalitesinin Değerlendirilmesi. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 93–106.

Bronmark, C., & Hanssen, L.A. (2005). The Biology of Lakes and Ponds (Oxford University Press), 304 pp.

Brummitt, R.K. & Powell, C.E. (1992). A list of authors of scientific name of plants, with recommended standard forms of their names, including abbreviations. The Board of Trustees of The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kiew, 732 p.

Carlson, R.E., & Simpson, J. (1996). A Coordinator’s Guide to Volunteer Lake Monitoring Methods. North American Lake Management Society. 96 pp.

Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes, Limnology and Oceanography. 22, 361–369.

Conley, D.J., Paerl, H.W., Howarth, R.W., Boesch, D.F., Seitzinger, S.P., Havens, K.E., & Likens G.E. (2009). Ecology. Controlling eutrophication: nitrogen and phosphorus, Science, 323, 1014–1015. https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1167755

Cunha-Santino, M.B., Bitar, A.L., & Bianchini Jr., I., (2013). Chemical constraints on new man-made lakes. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 185, 10177– 10190. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3322-0

Çelekli, A., & Öztürk, B. (2014). Determination of ecological status and ecological preferences of phytoplankton using multivariate approach in a Mediterranean reservoir. Hydrobiologia, 740, 115– 135. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-014-1948-8

Çelik, K., & Ongun-Sevindik, T. (2015). The phytoplankton functional group concept provides a reliable basis for ecological status estimation in the Çaygören Reservoir (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany 39, 588–598. https://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1402-69

Demirhindi, Ü. (1972). Türkiye’nin bazı lagün ve acısu gölleri üzerinde ilk planktonik araştırmalar. İ.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Mecmuası Seri. B, 37,(3-4), 205–232.

Dimitrova, R., Nenova, E., Uzunov, B., Shishiniova, M., & Stoyneva, M. (2014). Phytoplankton composition of Vaya Lake (2004-2006). Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20(1), 165–172.

Dodds, WK. 2002. Freshwater ecology: concepts and environmental applications. San Diego (CA): Academic Press, 568pp.

Eloranta, P. (1995). Phytoplankton of the national park lakes in central and southern Finland, Annales Botanici Fennici, 32, 193–209.

Fakıoğlu, Ö., Atamanalp, M., & Demir, N. (2011). Baraj Göllerinde Toksik Mavi Yeşil Algler. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 65–71.

Gönülol, A., & Aykulu, G. (1984). Studies on the algal flora of the Çubuk-I Dam Lake. I. Seasonal changes of phytoplankton composition and density. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, A2-8 (3): 330–342.

Gönülol, A. (1985). Çubuk-1 Baraj Gölü algleri üzerinde araştırmalar, Doğa Bilim Dergisi, A2, (2), 253–268.

Gönülol, A., & Obalı, O. (1998a). A study on the Phytoplankton of Hasan Uğurlu Dam Lake (SamsunTurkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 22, 447–462.

Gönülol, A., & Obalı, O. (1998b). Seasonal Variations of Phytoplankton Blooms in Suat Uğurlu (Samsun - Turkey). Turkish Journal of Botany, 22, 93–97.

Guiry, M.D., & Guiry, G.M.(2017). AlgaeBase. Worldwide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. https://www.algaebase.org; 2017. searched on 31 January 2017.

Harper, D., Brierley, B., Ferguson, A.J.D., & Phillips G. (eds.) (1999). The ecological basis of lake and reservoir management. Hydrobiologia, 395/396, 469 pp.

Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (1982). Das Phytoplankton des Susswasser Teil: 8 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlund (Nagele U. Obermiller), Stuttgart, 539 pp.

Hutchinson, G.E. (1944). Limnological studies in Connecticut. VII. A critical examination of the supposed relationship between phytoplankton periodicity and chemical changes in lake waters. Ecology, 25, 3–26.

Hutchinson, G.E.A. (1957). Treatise on Limnology Volum I: Geopraphy, Physics and Chemistry, John Wiley, Newyork, 1015 pp.

Hutchinson, G.E. (1967). A Treatise on Limnology. Volume II, Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1115pp.

İşbakan-Taş, B., Gönülol, A., & Taş, E. (2002). A Study on the Seasonal Variation of the Phytoplankton of Lake Cernek (Samsun-Turkey). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 2, 121–128.

John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, J.A. (2002). The freshwater algal flora of British Isles, An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae, Cambridge University Press, 700 pp.

Jöhnk, K.D., Huisman, J., Sharples, J., Sommeijer, B., Visser, P.M., & Stroom, J.M. (2008). Summer heatwaves promote blooms of harmful cyanobacteria. Global Change Biology. 14(3), 495– 512. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01510.x

Karacaoğlu, D., Dere Ş. & Dalkıran, N. (2004). A Taxonomic Study on the Phytoplankton of Lake Uluabat (Bursa). Turkish Journal of Botany, 28, 473– 485.

Kıvrak, E., & Gürbüz, H. (2005). Seasonal variations in phytoplankton composition and physical-chemical features of Demirdöven Dam Reservoir, Erzurum, Turkey. Biologia Bratislava, 60(1), 1–8.

Kimmel, B.L., Lind, O.T., & Paulson, L.J. (1990). Reservoir primary production. - In: Thornton, K. W., Kimmel, B. L. & Payne, F. E. (eds). Reservoir limnology. ecological perspectives. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 133–193 pp.

Komarek, J., & Anagnostidis, K. (2005). Cyanoprokariota. 2. Teil: Oscillatoriales. In: Büdel B, Gärtner G, Krienitz L, Schagerl M(eds) Süßwasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Elsevier, Heidelberg.

Krammer, K., & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986-2004). Bacillariophyceae. 1-4 Teil. Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. H. Ettl, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (editors). Fischer-Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany.

Kristiansen, J., & Preisig, H.R. (2011). Phylum Chrysophyta (Golden Algae). In: The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. An identification guide to freshwater and terrestrial algae. Second edition. (John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J. Eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Küçükyılmaz, M., Uslu, G., Birici, N., Örnekçi, N.G., Yıldız, N., & Şeker, T. (2010). Karakaya Baraj Gölü Su Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. International Sustainable Water and Wastewater Management Symposium, 26- 28 October 2010, Konya, Turkey

Lee, R.E. (1980). Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 561 pp.

Legnerova, J. (1965). The Genera Ankistrodesmus Corda and Raphidium Kützing and their Position in the Family Ankistrodesmusmaceae. Preslia, 37, 1–8.

Marshall, H. G. (2009). Phytoplankton of the York River. Journal of Coastal Research, 57, 59-65. https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/1551-5036-57.sp1.59

Moss, B. (2010). Ecology of Fresh Waters: A View for the Twenty-First Century, 4th Edition. (WileyBlackwell), 480 pp.

Naselli-Flores, L., & Barone, R. (2003). Steady-state assemblages in a Mediterranean hypertrophic reservoir. The role of Microcystis ecomorphological variability in maintaining an apparent equilibrium. Hydrobiologia, 502, 133–143. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2666-5_12

Nusch, E. (1980). Comparison of different methods for chlorophyll and phaeopigment determination. Archiv für Hydrobiologie–Beiheft Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 14, 14–36.

Obalı, O. (1984). Mogan Gölü Fitoplanktonunun Mevsimsel Değişimi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, A2. 8(1), 91–104.

Ongun-Sevindik, T. (2010). Phytoplankton Composition of Çaygören Reservoir, Balikesir-Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10, 295– 304. https://dx.doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2010.0301

Ongun-Sevindik, T., Tunca, H., Gönülol, A., Gürsoy, N.Y., Küçükkaya, S.N., & Kinali, Z.D. (2017). "Phytoplankton dynamics and structure, and ecological status estimation by the Q assemblage index: a comparative analysis in two shallow Mediterranean lakes", Turkish Journal of Botany, 41, 25–36. https://dx.doi.org/10.3906/bot-1510-22

Öterler, B. (2013). The Phytoplankton Composition of Kadiköy Reservoir (Keşan Edirne). Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2(14), 69–76.

Öterler, B., Kirgiz, T., & Albay, M. (2014) Seasonal Variations of Water Quality Parameters and Algal Flora of Tundzha (Tunca) River (Edirne, Turkey). Open Journal of Ecology, 4, 807–819. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2014.413069

Öterler, B., Albay, M, Çamur-Elipek, B., Güher, H., & Kirgiz, T. (2015). Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton in Lake Gala (Edirne/TURKEY). Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 16 (2), 71–80.

Özyalın,S., & Ustaoğlu, M.R. (2008). Kemer Baraj Gölü (Aydın) Net Fitoplankton Kompozisyonunun İncelenmesi, E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 25(4), 275–282.

Palmer, C.M. (1980). Algae and Water Pollution, Castle House Pub., London, 140 pp.

Rawson, P.S. (1956). Algal indicators of trophic lake types. Limnol. Oceanogr., 1(1), 18–25.

Reynolds, C.S. (2006). Ecology of Phytoplankton (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 551 pp.

Reynolds, C.S., Huszar, V., Kruk, C., Naselli-Flores, L., & S. Melo, (2002). Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research, 24, 417–428. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/24.5.417

Round, F.E. (1984). The ecology of the algae. Cambridge Universty Press., Cambridge, 653 pp.

Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990). The diatoms, biology & morphology of the genera, Cambridge University Press, 746 p.

Sandgren, C.D. (1988). The ecology of chrysophyte flagellates: their growth and perennation strategies as freshwater phytoplankton. In Sandgren, C. D. (ed.), Growth and Reproductive Strategies of Freshwater Phytoplankton. Cambridge University press., 104 pp. SPSS 22.0 IBM Corp. Released IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. (2013). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Solak, C.N., Barlas, M., & Pabuçcu, K., (2007). Akçay (B.Menderes)’ın Bacillariophyta Dışındaki Algleri. Ekoloji Dergisi, 62(16), 16–22.

Şahin, B., & Akar, B. (2007). The Desmid Flora of Some High Mountain Lakes of the Turkish Eastern Black Sea Region. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(5), 1817– 1832.

Tanyolaç, J., & Karabatak, M. (1972). Mogan Gölü’nün biyolojik hidrolojik özelliklerinin tespiti. TÜBİTAK, VHAG, Proje No.91.

Tanyolaç, J. (2011). Limnoloji. Ankara, Türkiye, Hatiboğlu Yayınları, 290 p.

Teneva, I., Belkinova, D., Dimitrova-Dylgerova, I., Vlaknova, M., & Mladenov, R. (2010a). Comparison and Toxic Potential of Cyanoprokaryota in Vacha Dam (Bulgaria). Second Balkan Conference on Biology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, pp 56, 21–23 May 2010.

Teneva, I., Mladenov, R., Belkinova, D., DimitrovaDylgerova, I., & Dzhambazov, B. (2010b). Phytoplankton Community of the Drinking Water Supply Reservoir Borovitsa (South Bulgaria) with an Emphasis on Cyanotoxins and Water Quality. Central European Journal of Biology, 5, 231–239. https://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0009-1

Trifonova, I.S. (1998). Phytoplankton composition and biomass structure in relation to trophic gradient in some temperate and subarctic lakes of north-western Russia and the Prebaltic. Hydrobiologia, 369/370, 99– 108.

Tunca, H., Ongun-Sevindik, T., Bal, D.N., & Arabacı, S. (2014). Community structure of epiphytic algae on different macrophytes at Acarlar floodplain forest (Northern Turkey). Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 32 (4), 845–857. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-014-3205-4

Ustaoğlu, M.R., Balık, S., Gezerler-Şipal, U., Özdemir, D., & Aygen, C. (2010). Buldan Baraj Gölü (Denizli) Planktonu ve Mevsimsel Değişimi. E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 27(3), 113–120.

Ünal, Ş. (1984). Beytepe Alap Göletlerinde fitoplanktonun mevsimsel değişimi. Doğa Bilim Dergisi, A2, 8(1), 121–137.

Wetzel, R.G. (1990). Reservoir ecosystems: conclusions and speculations. -In: Thornton, K. W., Kimmel, B.L. & Payne, F. E. (eds). Reservoir limnology. ecological perspectives. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 227– 238 pp.

Wetzel, R.G. (2001). Limnology. lake and river ecosystems. Third edition. Academic Press, New York, 1006 pp.

Yamamoto, Y., & Nakahara H. (2006). Seasonal variations in the diel vertical distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton in a shallow pond, Phycological Research, 54, 280-293. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2006.00435.x

Yıldız, K. (1985). Altın Apa Baraj Gölü alg toplulukları üzerinde araştırmalar, Doğa Bilim Der., A 2, 10(3), 547–554.

YSKYY. (2015). Surface Water Quality Management Framework (In Turkish). Official Journal of the publication: Date 15.04.2015, No. 29327.