Mhd IKHWANUDDİN, Mohamad N. AZRA, Nor Faizah NOORULHUDHA, Abdullah SİTİ-AİSHAH, Ambok Bolong ABOL-MUNAFİ

Embryonic Development and Hatching Rate of Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus Pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) under Different Water Salinities

pelagicus were studied. The morphology of embryo were observed and classified into 10 embryonic stages. This study is important to expand the knowledge on P. pelagicus embryo and it's hatching mechanism. Berried female incubated in 5 ppt did not survive thus any further study in this treatment was not conducted. Female incubated 15 ppt did not spawn and those incubated in 45 ppt had retarded development and eventually relaesed, thus the study on egg size was not conducted. The prehatch stage mean egg diameter that incubated in 25 ppt was largest compared to both incubated in 30 ppt and 35 ppt. Higher percentage increase in egg size occurred mostly at stage near hatching. Total incubation period for berried female incubated in 25, 30 and 35 ppt was 10 days.The morphological characteristic of P. pelagicus embryo was almost the same as other brachyuran crab in which, the appendage will form followed by eye formation, present of chromatophore, heartbeat and then ready to hatch. The results from the study could be used for further in vitro fertilization techniques of crustacean culture.

PDF

___

Arshad, A., Efrizal, Kamarudin, M. S. and Saad, C. R. 2006. Study on fecundity, embryology and larvaldevelopment of blue swimming crab Portunuspelagicus(Linnaeus, 1758) under laboratory condition. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology,1: 35-44. http://www.aensiweb.com/old/jasa/rjfh/2006/35- 44.pdf

Ates, M.C.D., Quinitio, G. F., Quinitio, E. T. and Sanares, R. C. 2012. Comparative study on the embryonic development of three mud crabs Scylla spp. Aquaculture Research, 43: 215-225. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.02818.x

Azra, M.N. and Ikhwanuddin, M. 2015. Larval culture and rearing techniques of commercially important crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758): Present status and future prospects.Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology,37: 135- 145.http://rdo.psu.ac.th/sjstweb/journal/37-2/37-2- 4.pdf

Bas, C.C. and Spivak, E. D. 2000. Effect of salinity on embryos of two southwestern Atlantic estuarine grapsid crab species culture in vitro.Journal of Crustacean Biology, 20: 647-656. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549208

Browne, W.E., Price, A. L., Gerberding, M. and Patel, N. H. 2005.Stages of embryonic development in the amphipod crustacean, Parhyale hawaiensis. Genesis.42:124-149. doi:10.1002/gene.20145

Churchill, G.J.2003. An investigation into the captive spawning, egg characteristics and egg quality of the mud crab (Scylla serrata) in South Africa. MSc. Thesis.Grahamstown, Rhodes University.

deLestang, S. Hall, N.G. and Potter, I. C. 2003.Reproductive biology of the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus, Decapoda: Portunidae) in five bodies of water on the west coast of Australia. Fishery Bulletin,101: 745-757.http://fishbull.noaa.gov/1014/04delest.pdf

Figueiredo, J., Penha-Lopez, G., Anto, J., Narciso, L. and Lin, J.2008. Fecundity, brood loss and egg development through embryogenesis of Armases cinerum (Decapoda: Grapsidae). Marine Biology, 154: 287-294. doi: 10.1007/s00227-008-0922-2

Furota, T. 1996. Life cycle studies on the introduced spider crab Pyromia tuberculata (Lockington) (Brachyura: Majidae): I. Egg and larval stages. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 16: 71-76. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1548933

Garcia-Guerrero, E.G. and Hendrickx, M. E. 2006. Embryology of decapods crustaceans III: Embryonic development of Eurypanopeus canalensis Abele & Kim, 1989, and Panopeus chilensis H.Milne Edwards & Lucas, 1844 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Panopeidae).The Belgian Journal of Zoology,136: 249-253.https://share.naturalsciences.be/f/3ffd74ba96/

Gimenez, L. and Anger, K. 2001. Relationships among salinity, egg size, embryonic development, and larval biomass in the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 260: 241-257. doi: 10.1016/S0022-0981(01)00258-1

Ikhwanuddin, M. Shabdin, M. L. and Abol-Munafi, A. B. 2009. Catch information of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) from Sarawak coastal water of South China Sea. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management,4: 93- 103.http://jssm.umt.edu.my/files/2012/05/10.June09.p df

Ikhwanuddin, M., Azra, M. N., Siti-Aimuni, H. and AbolMunafi, A. B. 2012a. Fecundity, embryonic and ovarian development of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) in coastal water of Johor, Malaysia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 15: 720-728. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.720.728

Ikhwanuddin, M., Azra, M. N., Sung, Y. Y., Abol-Munafi, A. B. and M.L. Shabdin(2012b). Live foods for juvenile's production of blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1766). Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 7: 266-278. doi: 10.3923/jfas.2012.266.278

Ikhwanuddin, M., Lan, S. S., Hamid, N. A., Zakaria, S. N. F., Azra, M. N., Siti-Aisah, A. and A.B. Abol-Munafi (2015). The embryonic development of orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) held in the captivity. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences,14: 885-895. http://www.jifro.ir/browse.php?a_id=1115&slc_lang=en&sid=1&ftxt=1

Kumar, M.S., Xiao, Y., Venema, S. and Hooper, G. 2003. Reproductive cycle of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, off southern Australina. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83: 983-994. doi: 10.1017/S0025315403008191h

Lee, T.H. 2011. A method for reducing the thickness of the outer egg membrane of the Japanese mitten crab Eriocheir japonica to improve the normal zoeal larvae hatching rate of in vitro artificial fertilized eggs. Aquaculture, 318: 176-179. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.05.011

Nagao, J., Munehara, H. and Shimazaki, K.1999. Embryonic development of the hair crab Erimacrus isenbeckii. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 19: 77-83. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549549

Oh, C. and Hartnoll, R. G. 1999. Brood loss during incubation in Philocheras trispinosus (Decapoda) in Port Erin Bay, Isle of Man. Journal of Crustacean Biology,19: 467-476. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549255

Othman, Z., Wahid, M.A., Lee, W.K. and Basri, Z.D.M. 2015. Water quality observation on Johor river estuary and East Tebrau Strait, Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 78: 29-32. http://www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my/index.php/jurnalte knologi/article/view/8531/5114

Pinheiro, M.A.A. and Hattori, G. Y.2003. Embryology of the mangrove crab Ucides cordatus (Brachyura: Ocypodidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23: 729- 737.http://www.jstor.org/stable/1549900

Quinitio, E.T., Parado-Estepa, F. D. Millamena, O. M., Rodriguez E. and Borlongan, E. 2001. Seed production of mud crab Scylla serrata juveniles. Asian Fisheries Science, 14:161- 174.asianfisheriessociety.org/publication/pdf/0938266 001355880924.pdf

Ravi, R. and Manisseri, M.K. 2013. Alterations in Size, Weight and Morphology of the Eggs of Blue Swimmer Crab, Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) during Incubation.Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13: 509-515. doi: 10.4194/1303-2712-v13_3_14

Romano, N. and Zeng, C. 2006. The effects of salinity on the survival, growth and haemolymph osmolality of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus. Aquaculture, 260: 151-162. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.06.019

Romano , N. and Zeng, C. 2010. Survival, osmoregulation and ammonia-N excretion of blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles exposed to different ammonia-N and salinity combinations. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 151: 222-228. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.10.011

Saigusa, M. 2000. Hatching of an estuarine crab, Sesarma haematocheir: Factors affecting the timing of hatching in detached embryo and enhancement of hatching synchrony by the female. Journal of Oceanography, 56: 93-102. doi:10.1023/A:1011118726283

Sarker, M.M., Islam, M. S. and Uehara,T. 2009. Artificial insemination and early embryonic development of the mangrove crab Perisesarma bidens (De Haan) (Crustacea: Brachyura). Zoological Studies, 48: 607- 618. http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/48.5/607.pdf

Soundarapandian, P. and Tamizhazhagan, T. 2009. Embryonic development of commecially important swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus). Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 1: 106-108. http://maxwellsci.com/print/crjbs/(3)106- 108.pdf

Taylor, H.H. and Leelapiyanart, N. 2001. Oxygen uptake by embryos and ovigerous females of two intertidal crabs, Heterozius rotundifrons (Belliidae) and Cyclograpsus lavauxi (Grapsidae): scalling and the metabolic costs of reproduction. Journal of Experimental Biology, 204: 1083- 1097.http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/204/6/10 83.full.pdf