Mevlut TURK, Sebahattin ALBAYRAK, Yalcin BOZKURT

EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF TWO DIFFERENT ARTIFICIAL PASTURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GRAZING BEEF ANIMALS

This research was conducted to determine the feeding quality of different artificial pastures and their effects on animal performance from the years 2010 to 2012. For this purpose, two different artificial pastures were established, each one covered 1.5 ha area during the first year of the research. The mixtures of the pastures used were as follows: Pasture 1 (P1): Medicago sativa L. (20%) + Bromus inermis L. (40%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (30%) + Poteriumsanguisorba (10%); Pasture 2 (P2): Medicago sativa L. (15%) + Onobrychis sativa Lam. (15%) + Agropyron cristatum L. (35%) + Bromus inermis L. (35%). The grazing was conducted in the second and the third years of the research. Twenty Holstein male calves with 6 months old were assigned to the experimental areas randomly, each pasture containing 10 animals. Forage samples were collected from grazing and non-grazing areas once every 15 days during the grazing seasons. Concurrently with forage sampling, liveweight gains of animals were also obtained. The dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were determined on the forage samples collected from grazing and non-grazing areas. The results showed that as grazing season advanced forage quality was declined in both pastures. The CP content and IVDMD were decreased with advancing growth stages in grazing and non-grazing areas of two pastures. The ADF and NDF contents were increased with advancing growth stages. There were no significant differences in the animal performances grazed on both pastures in terms of final weights, total weight gains and daily live weight gains

PDF

___

Akgul M, L Basayigit.2005. Detailed soil survey and mapping of Suleyman Demirel University farming land. In: Bulletin (Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu Dergisi) 9 (3), Suleyman Demirel Universitesi, Isparta, Turkey, 54–63, available from URL: http://edergi.sdu.edu.tr/index.php/fbed/article/viewFile/822/1 119
Aksoy A, A. Yilmaz.2003. Metabolizable energy values and dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of some alfalfa varieties. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 9 (4): 440–444.
Albayrak, S., M. Turk and O. Yuksel. 2009. Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of woolypod vetch. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 14(1):30-40.
Altin M, A. Gokkus, AKoc. 2005. Range and Meadow Improvement and Development. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Republic of Turkey, Ankara, 1–468.
Arzani H, J. Torkan, M. Jafari, A. Nikkhah. 2001. Investigation on effects of phenological stages and environmental factors (soil and climate) on forage quality of some important range species. Iran J AgricSci 32:385 –397.
Arzani H, M. Zohdi, E. Fish, G.H. ZahediAmiri, A. Nikkhah, D. Wester.2004. Phenological effects on forage quality of five grass species. J Range Manage 57:624 –629.
Berdahl J.D., J.F.Karn, J.R. Hendrickson. 2001. Dry matter yields of cool-season grass monocultures and grass–alfalfa binary mixtures. Agron J 93: 463–467.
Bozkurt Y. 2012. Seasonal performance of different breeds of feedlot beef cattle grown under the Mediterranean conditions. Bulgarian J AgricSci 18 (3):443–445.
Bozkurt Y., I. Ap Dewi.1996. Effect of breed type, sex, birth year and season of birth and their interactions on live weight change in beef cattle. In: Bulletin 10 (13) Faculty of Agriculture, Selcuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat, Turkey, 125–140.
Buxton R.D., D.R. Mertens, D.S. Fisher.1996. Forage quality and ruminant utilization. In: Cool-Season Forage Grasses (Eds Moser, LE, Buxton DR, Casler MD), American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America & Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 229–267.
Erfanzadeh R. 2001. Investigation on quality indices changes of rangeland species during two phenological stages. In: Proceedings of the 1st National Livestock and Rangeland Management Congress, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands of Iran, Tehran, 60.
Erkovan H.I., M.K. Gullap, M. Dasci, A. Koc. 2009. Changes in leaf area index, forage quality and above-ground biomass in grazed and ungrazed rangelands of Eastern Anatolia Region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences,15 (3): 217–223.
Gokkus A., B.H. Hakyemez, I.Y. Yurtman, T. Savas. 2005. The effects of different stocking rates on pasture hay yield and milk yield of goats in different types of pastures. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 18: 207– 212.
Hitz A.C., J.R. Russell. 1998. Potential of stockpiled perennial forages in winter grazing systems for pregnant beef cows. J AnimSci 76:404–415.
Holechek J.L., R.D.Preper, C.H. Herbel. 2004. Range Management: Principles and Practices, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1–607.
Holzworth L, J. Mosley, D. Cash, D. Koch, K. Crane. 2003. Dryland pastures in Montana and Wyoming. Montana State University Extension Service, Montana, available from URL: http://msuextension.org/publications/AgandNaturalResource s/ EB0019.pdf .
Holzworth L.K., L.E. Wiesner. 2010. Dryland seeded pastures: management of seedings - principles of establishment and seedling year management. Publication & Information Animal & Range Sciences, Extension Service, Montana State University, Montana, available from URL: http://animalrangeextension.montana.edu/articles/forage/Chp t3/3-mgt-dry.htm
Horney M.R., T. DelCurto, M.M. Stamm, R.K. Bailey, S.D. Brandyberry. 1996. Early-vegetative tall fescue hay vs alfalfa hay as a supplement for cattle consuming low-quality roughages. J AnimSci 74: 1959–1966.
Jung H.J.G., K.P. Vogel. 1992. Lignification of switcgrass (Panicum virgatum) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) plant parts during maturation and its effect on fibre degradability. J Sci Food Agric 59:169–176.
Kacar B, A. Inal. 2008. BitkiAnalizleri. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ankara, 1–892.
Karsli M.A., J.R.Russell, M.J. Hersom. 1999. Evaluation of berseem clover in diets of ruminants consuming corn crop residues. J AnimSci 77:2873–2882.
Karsli M.A., S. Deniz, H. Nursoy, N. Denek, H. Akdeniz. 2003. The effects of maturity on range quality and animal performance. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 27:117–124.
Kaya I, A. Oncuer, Y. Unal, S. Yıldız. 2004. Nutritive value of pastures in Kars district. I. Botanical and nutrient composition at different stages of maturity. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 28:275–280.
Keane M.G., G.J. More O'ferrall.1992. Comparison of Friesian, Canadian Hereford × Friesian and Simmental × Friesian steers for growth and carcass composition. AnimProd 55: 377–387.
Keane M.G., G.J. More O'ferrall, J. Connolly. 1989. Growth and carcass composition of Friesian, Limousin × Friesian and Blonde d’Aquitaine × Friesian steers. Anim Prod 48: 353– 365.
Koc A, A. Gokkus.1994. Determination of basal area, botanical composition and suitable stubble height of the rangelands of Guzelyurt district, Erzurum. Turk J Agric For 18: 495–500.
Koc A, A. Gokkus, A. Bakoglu, A. Ozaslan.2000.The changing in some chemical properties of grass samples received from different sections of Palandoken pastures in grazing season, In: Proceedings of the International Animal Nutrition Congress, 4–6 September 2000, Isparta, 471–478.
Koc, A., A.Kaya, M.K.Gullap, H.I.Erkovan, M.Macit, M.Karaoğlu, 2014. The effect of supplemental concentrate feed on live weight gain of yearling heifers over grazing season in subirrigated rangelands of East Anatolia. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 38: 278-284.
Lacefield G., J.C. Henning, M. Collins, L. Swetnam.1999. Quality hay production. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Kentucky, Collage of Agriculture, Lexington, available from URL: http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/agr/agr62/agr62.pdf
Linn J.G., N.P. Martin. 1999. Forage Quality Tests and Interpretations. Publication No. 02637, University of Minnesota Extension Service, Minnesota, 1–4.
Lyons R.K., R. Machen, T.D.A. Forbes.1996. Why range forage quality changes. Texas A&MAgriLife Extension Service, Texas, USA, available from URL: http://gillespie.agrilife.org/files/2013/02/WhyRangeForageQ ualityChanges.pdf
McDonald P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, C.A. Morgan.1995. Animal Nutrition, 5th edn. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, UK, 1–607.
Minitab.2010. Minitab Reference Manual: Release 16 for Windows. Minitab Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, USA. Pinkerton B. 1996. Forage Quality. Crop and Soil Environment Science Department, College of Agriculture, Forest, and Life Science, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 1– 998.
Rao M.R., L.H. Harbers, E.F. Smith, 1973. Seasonal change in nutritive value of bluestem pastures. J Range Manage 26: 419–422.
Rebole A., C.Alzueta, L.T.Ortiz, C. Barro, M.L. Rodriguez, R. Caballero. 2004. Yields and chemical composition of different parts of the common vetch at flowering and at two seed filling stages. Span J Agric Res 2: 550–557.
Rowell D.L. 1994. Soil Science: Methods and Applications. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, UK, 1–350. Sankhyan S.K., A.K. Shinde, R. Bhatta, S.A. Karim.1999.
Comparison of diet and faecal collection methods for assessment of seasonal variation in dry matter intake by sheep maintained on a Cenchrusciliaris pasture. Anim Feed SciTechnol 82: 261–269.
Stubbendieck J., M.A. Foster.1978. Herbage yield and quality of threadleaf sedge. J Range Manage 31: 290–292.
Tilley J.M.A., R.A. Terry.1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. J Br GrasslSoc 18: 104–111.
Turk M, S. Albayrak, O. Yuksel. 2007. Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of narbon vetch. N Z J Agric Res 50:457–462.
Turk M, S. Albayrak, Y.Bozkurt.2014. Seasonal trends in chemical composition of different artificial pastures. Turkish Journal of Field Crops, 19(1):53-58.
Vallentine J.F. 1989. Range Development and Improvements, 3rd edn. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, California, 1–524. Van Soest P.J.1982.Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. O & B Books Inc., Corvallis, Oregon, 1–374.
Wilkinson J.M. 1985. Beef Production from Silage and Other Conserved Forage. Longman Group Limited, London and Newyork, 1–152.