Türkiye’de Covid-19’a yönelik ilk psikososyal tepkiler: Bir içerik analizi

Amaç: Türkiye’de ilk bir aylık süreçte toplumun COVID-19’a yönelik akut psikososyal tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Nitel araştırma desenine göre, Türkiye’de tirajı yüksek beş gazetenin web site arşivlerindeki 11 Mart-11 Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasındaki COVID-19’a yönelik psikososyal tepkileri içeren 179 gazete haberi içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Web sitelerinde haber içerikleri taranırken kullanılan anahtar kelimeler Türkiye, COVID-19, koronavirüs, pandemi, sağlık, hastalık, karantina, önlem, koruma, müdahale, tepki ve uyum’dur. Bulgular: Araştırmada temalar; salgına karşı oluşan duygusal tepkiler, işlevsel ve işlevsel olmayan baş etme biçimleri olarak sıralanmaktadır. Her bir temanın alt temaları da bulunmaktadır. Salgının akut döneminde toplumda oluşan duygular korku, tedirginlik ve paniktir. Salgına yönelik işlevsel olmayan psikososyal baş etme şekilleri olarak kendi sağlıklarını umursarken başkalarının sağlıklarını umursamama, salgından aşırı korktukları için veya salgın önlemleri sonucunda oluşan kısıtlamalar nedeniyle intihar olguları saptanmıştır. Karantinadakilerin izolasyonlarından kaynaklı öfkelerinin şiddete dönüşmesiyle diğerlerinin hastalığa yakalanması şeklinde isteklerinin olduğu ve COVID-19’u bulaştırmaya yönelik davranışlar sergiledikleri anlaşılmıştır. Salgına yönelik alınan önlem kurallarına uyulması yönündeki ikazlar sonrasında ve örselenebilir grupların kendilerine yönelik stigmatik davranışlara verdikleri bir tepki olarak şiddet davranışları gözlenmiştir. Aşırı korumacı davranışlar sergileyenlerse kendi izolasyonlarını kendileri gerçekleştirmiştir. Salgına yönelik işlevsel psikososyal baş etme şekilleri ise kentten köye göç veya tatil yörelerine gitme, tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarına başvurma, karantina kurallarına uymayanları polise ihbar etme, psikolojik destek hizmetleri oluşturma, spiritüel uygulamalara başvurma, salgının kontrol, tedavi ve bakımında etkin çalışanlar için dayanışma ve paylaşma eğilimi gösterme olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Sonuç: Pandeminin akut döneminde çok sayıda birey korku, tedirginlik ve panik yaşamış bu duygularla işlevsel ve işlevsel olmayan baş etme şekillerine başvurmuştur. Bu nedenle pandemilerde toplumun psikososyal tepkilerinin tanımlanması ve ruh sağlığının korunması ve iyileştirilmesi önemli konular haline gelmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Covid-19, Pandemi, Psikososyal tepkiler, Gazete haberleri, İçerik analizi

Acute psychosocial responses to Covid-19 in Turkey: A content analysis

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the acute psychosocial responses of society to COVID-19 in Turkey. Method: This qualitative study was conducted in 11 March-11 April 2020 between in the website archives of five newspapers with high circulation in Turkey, 179 news containing the psychosocial responses to COVID-19 were analyzed by content analysis. Keywords used when scanning news content on websites are Turkey, COVID-19, coronavirus, pandemic, health, disease, quarantine, prevention, protection, intervention, response, and compliance. Results: Themes were emotional responses, functional and dysfunctional coping styles to the epidemic. Each theme also has sub-themes. Emotional responses were fear, anxiety and panic. Some cared about their own health not caring about the others. Suicide cases were that they were extremely afraid of the epidemic or because of the restrictions caused by the epidemic measures. Some in quarantine behaved in attempts to infect COVID-19. Violent behaviors were observed after warnings to obey the precautionary rules against the epidemic and as a reaction to stigmatic behavior directed at them by vulnerable groups. And those who exhibit excessive protectionist behavior have carried out their own isolation. The functional psychosocial coping styles for the epidemic were that migration from the city to the village, applying to complementary medicine practices, reporting to the police those who do not comply with quarantine rules, creating psychological support services, applying spiritual practices, and tendings to solidarity for those who are active in the control, treatment and care of the epidemic. Conclusion: The acute period of the pandemic, many individuals experienced fear, anxiety and panic and resorted to functional and dysfunctional coping styles. For this reason, in pandemics identification of society's psychosocial responses of the society and how to protect mental health have become important issues.

Keywords:

COVID-19, Pandemic, Psychosocial responses, Newspaper news, Content analysis,

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