COVID-19 Pandemisinde Annelerin Emzirme Tutumları ve Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 pandemisinde annelerin emzirme tutumları ve depresyon arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Kesitsel analitik tipte tasarlanan araştırmada, ulaşılması gereken en az örneklem sayısı hesaplanmış (n=327), 393 anneden Google anket yöntemi ile veri toplanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Anket Formu, Edinburgh Postpartum Depresyon Ölçeği (EPDÖ) ve Bebek Beslenmesi Tutum Ölçeği (BBTÖ) formları kullanılmıştır. Sosyo- demografik değişkenler için sayı ve yüzde değerleri kullanılmıştır. EPDÖ ve BBTÖ puan ortalamalarını etkileyebileceği düşünülen kategorik özellikteki değişkenlerin etkisi bağımsız gruplarda t testi, ki kare çözümlemesi ile değerlendirilmiş, ölçek puan ortalamaları arasındaki ilişki korelasyon katsayısı ile gösterilmiştir. p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: BBTÖ puan ortalaması 65.54±6.74, EPDÖ puan ortalaması ise 10.70±6.25 olarak saptanmıştır. Depresyon açısından risk taşıyan annelerin BBTÖ puanları (64.78± 6.85), depresyon riski taşımayan annelere göre anlamlı olarak (p < 0.05) daha düşük saptanmıştır. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinde depresyon açısından risk taşıyan annelerin emzirme tutumlarının, depresyon riski taşımayan annelere göre düşük olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

COVID-19, emzirme tutumu, bebek beslenmesi tutumu, depresyon

Association Between Breastfeeding Attitudes and Depression Risk of Mothers in COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the level of breastfeeding attitude and its association with risk of depression among mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In the cross-sectional analytics study, the minimum number of samples to be reached was calculated (n=327). Data were collected from 393 mothers with the Google survey method. Questionnaire Form, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IFAS) forms were used as data collection tools. Variables related to socio-demographic characteristics are shown by number and percentage distribution. The effects of categorical variables, which are thought to affect the mean scores of EPDS and IFAS, were evaluated with t-test and chi-square analysis in independent groups. The relationship between the mean scores of the scale is shown by the correlation coefficient. p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean IFAS score was 65.54±6.74, and the mean EPDS score was 10.70±6.25. IFAS scores of mothers at risk for depression (64.78±6.85) were found to be significantly lower (p < 0.05) than mothers who were not at risk for depression. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 pandemic, it was determined that the breastfeeding attitudes of mothers at risk for depression were lower than those of mothers who were not at risk for depression.

Keywords:

COVID-19, breastfeeding attitude, infant feeding attitude, depression,

PDF

___

1. Dadi AF, Miller ER, Mwanri L. Postnatal depression and its association with adverse infant health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20:416. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03092-7
2. Woldeyohannes D, et al. Effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breast-feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021;21:113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03535-1
3. Dadi AF, et al. Epidemiology of postnatal depression and its associated factors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoSOne 2020;15(4):e0231940. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231940
4. Hutchens BF. Risk factors for postpartum depression: an umbrella review.J MidwiferyWomens Health 2020;65:96–108.
5. Molgora S, et al. Predictors of postpartum depression among ıtalian women: a longitudinal study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022;19:1553.
6. World Health Organization (WHO). Breastfeeding and COVID-19. Scientific brief. Erişim adresi: WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Breastfeeding/2020.1 Erişim tarihi: 30.03.2023
7. Bilimsel Danışma Kurulu Çalışması. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu) genel bilgiler, epidemioloji ve tanı. 2020;19.
8. Ahmad Zadeh Beheshti M, et al. Predictors of breastfeeding self-efficacy during the covid-19 pandemic. J Neonatal Nurs 2022;28:349–55.
9. Orvos JM, CDC guidance on coronavirus in pregnant. breastfeeding women. 2020. Erişim adresi: https://www.contemporaryobgyn.net/view/cdc-guidance-coronavirus-pregnant-breastfeeding-women Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2023
10. Bhatt H. Should COVID-19 mother breastfeed her newborn child? a literature review on the safety of breastfeeding for pregnant women with COVID-19. Current nutrition reports 2021;10(1):71–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-020-00343-z
11. Gribble K, et al. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic response for breastfeeding, maternal caregiving capacity and infant mental health. Journal of Human Lactation 2020;36(4),591-603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420949514
12. Rollins N, et al. A public health approach for deciding policy on infant feeding and mother–infant contact in the context of COVID-19. The Lancet Global Health. 2021;9(4):e552-e557.
13. Kaya Şenol D, Uçar Z. COVID-19’un gebelik, doğum öncesi bakım ve doğum üzerindeki etkileri. TJFMPC, 2022;16(1): 57-65.
14. Nalbantoğlu A, Nalbantoğlu B, Gökçay G. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu seyrinde annelerin emzirme ve anne sütü hakkında bilgi ve tutumları. Namık Kemal Tıp Dergisi. 2020; 8(3): 314-320.
15. Casal CS, Lei A, Young SL, Tuthill EL. A critical review of ınstruments measuring breastfeeding attitudes, knowledge, and social support. J. Hum. Lact. 2017;33:21.
16. Cotelo MDCS, Movilla-Fernández MJ, Pita-García P, Novío S. Infant feeding attitudes and practices of spanish low-risk expectant women using the IIFAS (Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale). Nutrients 2018;10,520.
17. Khasawneh W, Kheirallah K, Mazin M, Abdulnabi S. Knowledge, attitude, motivation and planning of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among jordanian women. Int. Breastfeed. J. 2020;15, 60.
18. Didarloo A, Rahmatnezhad L, Sheikhi S, Khodai F. Relationship of spiritual health and perceived stress with breastfeeding self-efficacy: a survey on mothers with hospitalised neonates. Int. J. Pediatr. 2017;5:6179–6188.
19. Duran S, Kaynak S, Karadaş A. The relationship between breastfeeding attitudes and perceived stress levels of turkish mothers. Scand. J. Caring Sci. 2019;34:456–463.
20. Khodabandeh M, et al. Relationship between attitude towards breastfeeding and postpartum depression in Kerman, Iran. Int. J. Pediatr. 2020;8:11751–11759.
21. Mercan, Y, Selcuk KT. Association between postpartum depression level, social support level and breastfeeding attitude and breastfeeding self-efficacy in early postpartum women. PLoS ONE 2021;16:e0249538.
22. Mikšić Š, et al. Positive effect of breastfeeding on child development, anxiety, and postpartum depression. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020;17:2725.
23. Definition and categorization of the timing of mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Scientific brief. [Internet]. Erişim adresi: file:///C:/Users/SBF025/Downloads/WHO-2019-nCoV-mother-to-child-transmission-2021.1-eng.pdf Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2023
24. Huang C, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020;395(10223):497–506.
25. Li Q, et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020;382:1199-1207.
26. Guvenc G, et al. Anxiety, depression, and knowledge level in postpartum women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspect. Psychiatr. Care 2021;57:1449–1458.
27. Doyle FL, Klein L. Postnatal depression risk factors: an overview of reviews to ınform COVID-19 Research, Clinical, and Policy Priorities. Front. Glob. Women’s Health 2020, 1, 577273.
28. Lemmon ME, et al. Beyond the first wave: consequences of COVID-19 on high-risk ınfants and families. Am. J. Perinatol. 2020;37:1283–1288.
29. Rocca-Ihenacho L, Alonso C. Where do women birth during a pandemic? Changing perspectives on Safe Motherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Global Health Science 2020;2:(e4).
30. Kara P, Nazik E. COVID-19 pandemisinde gebelerin psikolojik sağlık sonuçları: tanımlayıcı çalışmaların sistematik bir derlemesi. KSÜ Tıp Fak Der.2022;17(1):193-201.
31. De La Mora A, Russell DW. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale: Analysis of reliability and validity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1999; 29(11):2362-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999. tb00155.x
32. Eksioğlu A, Yeşil Y, Çeber Turfan E. Bebek beslenmesi tutum ölçeğinin (Iowa) Türkçeye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Koç Üniversitesi Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi (HEAD) 2016;13(3):209-15.
33. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1987;150(6):782–786. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.782
34. Engindeniz AN, Küey L, Kültür S. Edinburg Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği Türkçe Formu geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları 1996;1:51-52.
35. Doshi B, et al. Study of anxiety, fear and depression associated with breastfeeding in COVID-positive Mothers. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2021;13(5):296–300.
36. Centers For Disease Control And Prevention Coronavirus Disease, Stres and coping. 2019. Erişim adresi: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stressanxiety.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019- ncov%2Fprepare%2Fmanaging-stress-anxiety.html#risk Erişim tarihi: 01.04.2023
37. Holand BL, et al. Association between breastfeeding and complementary feding in pre-pandemic and pandemic COVID-19 times: maternal cohort study. J. Pediatr. (Rio. J) 2022;98(5):496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.12.007.
38. Brown A, Shenker N, Experiences of breastfeeding during COVID-19: lessons for future practical and emotional support. Matern Child. Nutr. 2021;17(1). doi: 10.1111/mcn.13088.
39. Ganho-Ávila A, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on breastfeeding rates: An international cross-sectional study. Midwifery 2023;120,103631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2023.103631
40. Toksöz F, et al. Attitudes toward breastfeeding of mothers breastfeeding 0-6-month-old infants during the COVID-19 pandemic and impacting factors. Sağlık ve Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi 2023;5(2):71-79.
41. Spatz DL, et al. Promoting and protecting human milk and breastfeeding in a COVID-19 world. Front. Pediatr 2021; 8:633700. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.633700
42. Vassilopoulou E, et al. Breastfeeding and COVID-19: from nutrition to immunity. Front. Immunol. 2021;12. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661806
43. Yılmaz B, et al. Koronavirüs salgınında yaşanan korku ve postpartum depresyon ilişkisi: Kesitsel bir çalışma. MKÜ Tıp Dergisi. 2022;13(47):370-378. https://doi.org/10.17944/mkutfd.1061490
44. Kurt N, et al. The effect of COVID-19 fear in the postpartum period on mothers’ obsessivecompulsive behaviors related to baby care and postpartum depression. Journal of Midwifery and Health Sciences. 2023;6(1):7-13.
45. Işıkalan MM, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 ile enfekte iken doğum yapan kadınlarda postpartum depresyon riski artıyor mu? Türkiye'de bir pilot çalışma." Kocaeli Med J. 2021;10(1):29-34.
46. Günkaya OS, et al. The effects of quarantine on postpartum depression, sleep quality and breastfeeding: Comparison of two different intensity period. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 2022;39:169-173.
47. Aksoy YE, et al. Postpartum depresyonun emzirme üzerine etkisi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2016;5(3):90-96.
48. Guner UC, Inan B. Mothers' ınfant feeding attitudes and the ınfluencing factors during the covid-19 pandemic process: facebook, ınstagram example. TJFMPC, 2022;16(2):357-366.