Zeynep DABAN DURGUT, Mustafa Kürşat ŞAHİN

Çocuğu 0-6 yaş grubu olan doktor annelerde tükenmişlik ve algılanan stres arasındaki ilişki: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Amaç: Bu çalışmada 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan doktor annelerin tükenmişlik düzeyinin ve tükenmişlik ile stres arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Mart-Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Samsun’da yürütüldü. Çalışmaya 0-6 yaş grubu çocuğu olan doktor anneler dahil edildi. Araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan bir anket formu kullanıldı. Anket formu Google formlar aracılığıyla çevrimiçi ortamda katılımcılara uygulandı. Kartopu örnekleme kullanıldı. Sosyodemografik veri formu, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği kullanıldı. Bulgular: Toplamda 394 doktor anne katıldı. Katılımcıların %48,5’i 35 yaşından büyük ve %97’si evliydi. Katılımcıların %50,0’sinin tek çocuğu vardı. Annelerin %59,1’i gündüz mesaisi şeklinde çalışmaktaydı. Katılımcıların %47,0’si çalıştığı için kendini çocuğuna karşı suçlu hissettiğini, %53,0’ü iş yerinde anne olduğu için zorluk yaşamadığını, %68,8’i iş ortamında sosyal destek alabildiğini, %83,5’i çocuğu ile ilgili bir durum olduğunda kolaylıkla izin alabildiğini ifade etti. Katılımcılar, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği, duyarsızlık boyutundan 5,8 ±3,2 puan, duygusal tükenme boyutundan 18,2 ±6,3 puan ve kişisel başarı boyutundan 11,8 ±3,5 puan aldı. Duyarsızlaşma tek çocuğu olan annelerde daha fazlaydı. Nöbet tutan doktor annelerin, gündüz mesai şeklinde çalışan annelere göre duygusal tükenmişliği daha fazlaydı. Otuz beş yaş üstü ya da birden fazla çocuğu olan katılımcıların kişisel başarı puanları daha yüksekti. Çalıştığı için suçluluk hisseden ve iş yerinde anne olduğu için zorluk yaşayanların duygusal tükenmişlik düzeyleri daha yüksekti. İş yerindeki sosyal ortamından destek alabilenler ve çocuğu ile ilgili durumlarda kolayca izin alabilenlerin duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve algılanan stres düzeyleri daha düşüktü. Psikiyatrik hastalık öyküsü olan ve çalışan anne olduğu için çocuğuna karşı suçluluk hissedenlerin algılanan stres seviyeleri daha yüksekti. Tükenmişliğin tüm boyutlarının yüksekliği algılanan stres düzeylerinin yüksekliği ile ilişkiliydi. Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinde doktor annelerin tükenmişlik ve algılanan stres düzeylerinin yüksek olduğu bulundu. İş ortamıyla ilgili faktörlerin stres ve tükenmişlik üzerinde etkisi olduğu görüldü. İş ortamındaki destek mekanizmaları tükenmişlik ve stresin daha az algılanmasına neden olduğu saptandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Tükenmişlik, Stres, Anne, Hekim

The relationship between burnout and perceived stress among physician mothers with children aged 0-6: A cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the burnout level of physician mothers with children aged 0-6 years and the relationship between burnout and stress. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. It was carried out in Samsun between March and June 2020. Physician mothers with children aged 0-6 were included in the study. A questionnaire form created by the researchers was used. The questionnaire form was applied to the participants online via Google Forms. Snowball sampling was used. Sociodemographic data form, Maslach Burnout Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Results: A total of 394 physician mothers participated. 48.5% of the participants were over 35 years old, and 97% were married. 50.0% of the participants had only one child. 59.1% of the mothers worked as day shifts. 47.0% of the participants stated that they feel guilty towards their children because they work, and 53.0% of the mothers do not experience difficulties at work because they are mothers. 68.8% can get social support in the workplace, and 83.5% of the mothers stated that they could easily get permission when there was a situation related to their children. Participants scored 5.8 ± 3.2 points from the depersonalization dimension, 18.2 ± 6.3 points from the emotional burnout dimension, and 11.8 ±3.5 points from the personal accomplishment dimension of the Maslach Burnout Scale. Depersonalization was higher in mothers with one child. Emotional burnout was higher in mothers who were on duty as physicians compared to mothers who worked during the day. Participants who were over the age of 35 or had more than one child had higher personal accomplishment scores. Those who felt guilty about working and had difficulties at work because they were mothers had higher levels of emotional burnout. Emotional burnout, depersonalization, and perceived stress levels were lower in those who could receive support from their social environment at work and who could easily take leave in situations involving their children. Those with a history of psychiatric illness and those who felt guilty towards their children because they were working mothers had higher levels of perceived stress. The highness of all dimensions of burnout was associated with high levels of perceived stress. Conclusion: Physician mothers' burnout and perceived stress levels were high during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors related to the workplace were found to affect stress and burnout. Workplace support mechanisms were found to cause less perceived perception of burnout and stress.

Keywords:

Burnout, Stress, Mother, Physician,

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