Performance improvement of the shunt active power filter using a novel adaptive filtering approach

This paper introduces an eﬀicient control approach to enhance harmonics mitigation performance of the shunt active power filter (SAPF). This approach is based on adaptive filters favored by their built-in automatic parameters adaptation capability. The proposed filter, which uses a variable leaky least mean square (VLLMS) adaptation, is applied with a modified instantaneous power PQ theory. This enhances its dynamic performance over the use of conventional time-invariant filters, and overcomes its limitations in the presence of nonsinusoidal voltage conditions. The studied SAPF model is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK with combinations of nonlinear and unbalanced loads. Simulation results indicate a significant improvement in the transient response to less than a quarter of a cycle in its worst case, on top of additional improvements in the steady-state THD value. Moreover, the algorithm’s computation eﬀiciency evaluated in an embedded hardware prototype has given a fast execution time of 1.4μs .

PDF

___

[1] Daut I, Syafruddin HS, Ali R, Samila M, Haziah H. The effects of harmonic components on transformer losses of sinusoidal source supplying non-linear loads. American Journal of Applied Sciences 2006; 3 (12): 2131-2133. doi: 10.3844/ajassp.2006.2131.2133
[2] IEEE Standards Association. IEEE recommended practice and requirements for harmonic control in electric power systems. IEEE Std 519-2014 (Revision of IEEE Std 519-1992). Piscataway, NJ, USA; IEEE Standards Association, 2014, pp. 1-29. doi: 10.1109/ieeestd.2014.6826459
[3] Abdusalam M, Poure P, Karimi S, Saadate S. New digital reference current generation for shunt active power filter under distorted voltage conditions. Electric Power Systems Research 2009; 79 (5): 759-765. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2008.10.009
[4] Fallah M, Imani M, Abarzadeh M, Kojabadi HM, Hejri M. Load compensation based on frame considering low-order dominant harmonics and distorted power system. Control Engineering Practice 2016; 51: 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.03.002
[5] Khajouei J, Esmaeili S, Nosratabadi SM. Optimal design of passive filters considering the effect of Steinmetz circuit resonance under unbalanced and non-sinusoidal conditions. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution 2020; 14 (12): 2333-2344. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1755
[6] Sundaram E, Venugopal M. On design and implementation of three phase three level shunt active power filter for harmonic reduction using synchronous reference frame theory. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2016; 81: 40-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.008
[7] Asiminoael L, Blaabjerg F, Hansen S. Detection is key - harmonic detection methods for active power filter applications. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 2007; 13 (4): 22-33.
[8] Bhattacharya A, Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya S. Shunt compensation: reviewing traditional methods of reference current generation. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine 2009; 3 (3): 38-49. doi: 10.1109/MIE.2009.933881
[9] Carvalho TCO, Duque CA, Silveira PM, Mendes MAS, Ribeiro PF. Review of signal processing techniques for time-varying harmonic decomposition. In: IEEE 2012 Power and Energy Society General Meeting; San Diego, CA, USA; 2012. pp. 1-6.
[10] Maza-Ortega JM, Rosendo-Macias JA, Gómez-Exposito A, Ceballos-Mannozzi S, Barragán-Villarejo M. Reference current computation for active power filters by running DFT techniques. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2010; 25 (3): 1986-1995. doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2048764
[11] Kumar R, Bansal HO. Shunt active power filter: current status of control techniques and its integration to renewable energy sources. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018; 42: 574-592. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.07.002
[12] Wang Y, Xie YX, Liu X. Analysis and design of DC-link voltage controller in shunt active power filter. Journal of Power Electronics 2015; 15 (3): 763-774. doi: 10.6113/JPE.2015.15.3.763
[13] Mahaboob S, Ajithan SK, Jayaraman S. Optimal design of shunt active power filter for power quality enhancement using predator-prey based firefly optimization. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation 2019; 44: 522-533. doi: 10.1016/j.swevo.2018.06.008
[14] Ouchen S, Steinhart H, Benbouzid M, Blaabjerg F. Robust DPC-SVM control strategy for shunt active power filter based on H ∞ regulators. International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2020; 117: 105699. doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105699
[15] Zhang Y, Gui X, Yang M, Xu D. Comparison of direct current control and direct power control using SVPMW modulation. In: IEEE Fourth International Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement, Computer, Commu- nication and Control (IMCCC); Harbin, China; 2014. pp. 936-940.
[16] Nosratabadi SM, Gholipour E. Power system harmonic reduction and voltage control using DFIG converters as an active filter. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences 2016; 24 (4): 3105-3122. doi: 10.3906/elk-1406-35
[17] Hoon Y, Mohd Radzi MA, Hassan MK, Mailah NF. A dual-function instantaneous power theory for operation of three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter-based shunt active power filter. Energies 2018; 11 (6): 1-20. doi: 10.3390/en11061592
[18] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices with- out energy storage components. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 1984; IA-20 (3): 625-630. doi: 10.1109/TIA.1984.4504460
[19] Dinh ND, Tuyen ND, Fujita G, Funabashi T. Adaptive notch filter solution under unbalanced and/or distorted point of common coupling voltage for three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter with sinusoidal utility current strategy. IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution 2015; 9 (13): 1580-1596. doi: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2014.1017
[20] Wang Y, Yang K, He C, Chen G. A harmonic elimination approach based on moving average filter for cascaded DSTATCOM. In: IECON 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society; Dallas, TX, USA; 2014. pp. 4508-4513.
[21] Shen S, Zheng H, Lin Y, Zhao W. UPQC Harmonic detection algorithm based on improved p-q theory and design of low-pass filter. In: 2018 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC); Beijing, China; 2018. pp. 5156-5160.
[22] Kaszynski R, Piskorowski J. Selected structures of filters with time-varying parameters. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2007; 56 (6):2338-2345. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2007.908278
[23] Modarresi J, Fallah M, Gholipour E, Abarzadeh M. Performance improvement of shunt active power filter by a new wavelet-based low-pass filter: Theory and implementation. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 2018; 40 (1): 111-121. doi: 10.1177/0142331216650935
[24] Kumar R, Bansal HO. Hardware in the loop implementation of wavelet based strategy in shunt active power filter to mitigate power quality issues. Electric Power Systems Research 2019; 169: 92-104. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2019.01.001
[25] Thirumala K, Shantanu, Jain T, Umarikar AC. Visualizing time-varying power quality indices using generalized empirical wavelet transform. Electric Power Systems Research 2017; 143: 99-109. doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2016.10.017
[26] Grabowski D, Maciążek M, Pasko M, Piwowar A. Time-invariant and time-varying filters versus neural approach applied to DC component estimation in control algorithms of active power filters. Applied Mathematics and Computation 2018; 319: 203-217. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2017.02.029.
[27] Sørensen JS, Johannesen L, Grove USL, Lundhus K, Couderc JP et al. A comparison of IIR and wavelet filtering for noise reduction of the ECG. In: IEEE 2010 Computing in Cardiology Conference; Belfast, UK; 2010. pp. 489-492.
[28] Nanda S, Chakravorty T, Dash PK. A new Taylor-LMS adaptive filter for parameter estimation of power signals including distributed generation systems. Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 2016; 13 (3): 174-194. doi: 10.1080/1448837X.2017.1292606
[29] Popescu M, Bitoleanu A, Suru V. A DSP-based Implementation of the p-q theory in active power filter- ing under nonideal voltage conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 2013; 9 (2): 880-889. doi: 10.1109/TII.2012.2223223
[30] Bitoleanu A, Popescu M. How can the IRP p-q theory be applied for active filtering under nonsinusoidal voltage operation? Przeglad Elektrotechniczny 2011; 87 (1): 67-71.
[31] Widrow B, Williams CS, Glover JR, McCool JR, Hearn JM et al. Adaptive noise cancelling: principles and applications. Proceedings of the IEEE 1975; 63 (12): 1692-1716. doi: 10.1109/PROC.1975.10036
[32] Soria E, Calpe J, Chambers J, Martínez M, Camps G et al. A novel approach to introducing adaptive filters based on the LMS Algorithm and its variants. IEEE Transactions on Education 2004; 47 (1): 127-133. doi: 10.1109/TE.2003.822632
[33] Subudhi B, Ray PK, Ghosh S. Variable leaky least mean-square algorithm-based power system frequency estimation. IET Science, Measurement and Technology 2012; 6 (4): 288-297. doi: 10.1049/iet-smt.2011.0103
[34] Kwong RH, Johnston EW. A variable step size LMS Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1992; 40 (7): 1633-1642. doi: 10.1109/78.143435
[35] Altera Corporation. Real-Time Challenges and Opportunities in SoCs Challenge — Doing Ever More in Less Time. San Jose, CA, USA: Altera Corporation, 2013, pp. 1-22.
[36] Meyer-Baese U. Digital Signal Processing with Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Signals and Communication Technology. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2014.