1912

Formation of a wireless sensor network using custom-designed sensors having low power and low cost components

In this paper, we first design a sensor with low power and low cost components, namely an MSP430G2553 microcontroller (MCU), nRF24L01+ communication unit, and a light-dependent resistor (LDR). Then, connecting these custom-designed sensors with a central node, a fusion center (FC), we form a wireless sensor network (WSN) in which sensors measure light intensities and send their measurements to the FC for final inference. Since the default addressing structure of nRF24L01+ can simultaneously connect up to 6 devices, in order to have more connections, we define a new addressing scheme for the transmissions between sensors and the FC. Finally, as a test case, we consider the task of the WSN in field estimation. The FC learns the spatial dependence between sensor measurements called a variogram. Then, using the appropriate variogram model, we perform ordinary kriging (OK), where the light intensity at an unobserved location is estimated as a weighted sum of received LDR measurements. Our test results show that the estimated light measurement using OK at a specific location becomes quite close to the actual LDR measurement at that location under the suitable parametric variogram models

PDF

___

[1] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2002; 40 (8): 102-114, doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422
[2] Postigo-Malaga M, Supo-Colquehuanca E, Matta-Hernandez J, Pari L, Mayhua-Lopez E. Vehicle location system and monitoring as a tool for citizen safety using wireless sensor network. In: 2016 IEEE ANDESCON; Arequipa, Peru; 2016. pp. 1–4.
[3] Harrington B, Huang Y, Yang J, Li X. Energy-efficient map interpolation for sensor fields using Kriging. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 2009; 8 (5): 622-635, doi: 10.1109/TMC.2008.167
[4] Jedermann R, Palafox-Albarran J, Barreiro P, Ruiz-Garcia L, Robla JI, Lang W. Interpolation of spatial temperature profiles by sensor networks. In:2011 IEEE SENSORS Proceedings; Limerick, Ireland; 2011. pp. 778-781.
[5] Rahman NAA, Jambek AB. Wireless sensor node design. In: 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED); Phuket, Thailand; 2016. pp. 332-336.
6] Uttarkar NK, Kommu A, Kanchi RR. Design and development of data acquisition system for a remote furnace using MSP430G2553 and Zigbee. In: International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES2014); Chennai, India; 2014. pp. 1-5.
[7] Ardelean A, Mischie S. Development of an electronic game based on Bluetooth communication. In: 2014 11th International Symposium on Electronics and Telecommunications (ISETC); Timisoara, Romania; 2014. pp. 1-4.
[8] Wang Y, Hu C, Feng Z, Ren Y. Wireless transmission module comparison. In: 2014 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA); Hailar, China; 2014. pp. 902–907.
[9] Weder A. An energy model of the ultra-low-power transceiver nRF24L01 for wireless body sensor networks. In: 2010 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks; Liverpool, United Kingdom; 2010. pp. 118-123.
[10] Zhao D, Peng C. A small low-power reliable communication module in a wireless monitoring system. In: 2007 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering; Wuhan, China; 2007. pp. 1194–1197.
[11] Zhang P, Sun L, Zhang P, Hou R, Tian G, Liu X. Wireless network design and implementation in smart home. In: 2013 6th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS); Shenyang, China; 2013. pp. 167-170.
[12] Chen S, Yuan YJ. Wireless electronic tourist guide system based on microcontroller. In:2011 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC); Xi’an, China; 2011. pp. 1–4.
[13] Shi S, Lu T, Zhang H, Xu L, Gulliver TA. A design of active RFID tags based on NRF24L01. In: 2013 10th Inter- national Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP); Chengdu, China; 2013. pp. 210-213.
[14] Ma Z, Pan X. Agricultural environment information collection system based on wireless sensor network. In: 2012 IEEE Global High-Tech Congress on Electronics; Shenzen, China; 2012. pp. 24-28.
[15] Hao S, Zongtao C. Design of the environmental temperature and humidity wireless monitoring system. In: 2015 12th IEEE International Conference on Electronic Measurement Instruments (ICEMI); Qingdao, China; 2015. pp. 1652–1657.
[16] Ni S, Su J, Nie L, Qu S. Design of multi-point wireless temperature measuring system. In: 2012 Proceedings of International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control; Hong-Kong; 2012. pp. 422-425.
[17] Chen T, Zhao L. The design of the wireless smart subpoena system based on MSP430. In: 2015 8th International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligent Systems (ICINIS); Tianjin, China; 2015. pp. 153-156.
[18] Chen Z, Hu C, Liao J, Liu S. Protocol architecture for wireless body area network based on nRF24L01. In: 2008 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics; Qingdao, China; 2008. pp. 3050-3054.
[19] Christ P, Neuwinger B, Werner F, Ruckert U. Performance analysis of the nRF24L01 ultra-low-power transceiver in a multi-transmitter and multi-receiver scenario. In: 2011 IEEE SENSORS Proceedings; Limerick, Ireland; 2011. pp. 1205-1208.
[20] Cressie N. Statistics for Spatial Data. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015. [21] Lichtenstern A. Kriging Methods in Spatial Statistics. B.Sc., Technische Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Germany, 2013.
[22] Kang J, Jin R, Li X. Regression Kriging-based upscaling of soil moisture measurements from a wireless sensor network and multi-resource remote sensing information over heterogeneous cropland. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 2015;12 (1): 92-96, doi: 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2326775
[23] Akgun VY, Masazade E. Realization of field estimation with sensors designed using low power and low-cost components. In: 2017 25th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU); Antalya, Turkey; 2017. pp. 1–4 (in Turkish with an abstract in English)