Mehmet ÖZKAYMAK, Muharrem EYİDOĞAN, Fatma KILIÇ ÇANKA, Durmuş KAYA, Volkan ÇOBAN, Selman ÇAĞMAN

Energy and exergy analysis of an organic Rankine cycle in a biomass-based forest products manufacturing plant

In this study, energy and exergy analysis of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) unit was carried out at a biomass-based forest products manufacturing plant. The ORC unit is used for the production of electricity and heat, by using thermal oil as a heat source in the plant. The actual data were obtained from the ORC unit during the energy production process. Studies were realized for the energy and exergy analysis of the main components of the ORC unit, which are the evaporator, condenser, turbine, and regenerator, at two different working conditions. The effect of condenser pressure on the energy and exergy efficiencies of the system was studied in the context of this study. Under the working conditions of Case-1, the energy and exergy efficiencies were calculated as 12.59% and 33.26 %, respectively. As for Case-2, the energy and exergy efficiencies were calculated as 13.22% and 35.5%. The gradation of the exergy destructions of the components from greater to lower can be listed as evaporator, condenser, turbine, regenerator, and pump.

PDF

___

[1] Al-Sulaiman FA, Dincer I, Hamdullahpur F. Energy and exergy analyses of a biomass trigeneration system using an organic Rankine cycle. Energy 2012; 45: 975-985.
[2] Wei D, Lu X, Lu Z, Gu J. Performance analysis and optimization of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery. Energ Convers Manage 2007; 48: 1113-1119.
[3] Wang Z, Zhou N, Jing G. Performance analysis of ORC power generation system with low-temperature waste heat of aluminum reduction cell. Physics Procedia 2012; 24: 546-553.
[4] Roy JP, Mishra MK, Misra A. Parametric optimization and performance analysis of a regenerative organic Rankine cycle using low-grade waste heat for power generation. Int J Green Energy 2011; 8: 173-196.
[5] Song S, Zhang H, Lou Z, Yang F, Yang K, Wang H, Bei C, Chang Y, Yao B. Performance analysis of exhaust waste heat recovery system for stationary CNG engine based on organic Rankine cycle. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 76: 301-309.
[6] Yang F, Zhang H, Bei C, Song S, Wang E. Parametric optimization and performance analysis of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for diesel engine waste heat recovery with a fin-and tube evaporator. Energy 2015; 91: 128-141.
[7] Manolakos D, Kosmadakis G, Kyritsis S, Papadakis G. On site experimental evaluation of a low-temperature solar organic Rankine cycle system for RO desalination. Sol Energy 2009; 83: 646-656.
[8] Badr O, Probert SD, OCallaghan PW. Selecting a working fluid for a Rankine cycle engine. Appl Energ 1985; 21: 1-42.
[9] Quoilin S, Van Den Broek M, Declaye S, Dewallef P Lemort V. Techno-economic survey of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2013; 22: 168-186.
[10] Scardigno D, Fanelli E, Viggiano A, Braccio G, Magi V. A genetic optimization of a hybrid organic Rankine plant for solar and low-grade energy sources. Energy 2015; 91: 807-815.
[11] Algieri A, Morrone P. Comparative energetic analysis of high-temperature subcritical and transcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). A biomass application in the Sibari district. Appl Therm Eng 2012; 36: 236-244.
[12] Hettiarachchi HDM, Golubovic M, Worek WM, Ikegami Y. Optimum design criteria for an organic Rankine cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources. Energy 2007; 32: 1698-1706.
[13] Wang D, Ling X, Peng H. Performance analysis of double organic Rankine cycle for discontinuous low temperature waste heat recovery. Appl Therm Eng 2012; 48: 63-71.
[14] Kaska O. Energy and exergy analysis of an organic Rankine for power generation from waste heat recovery in steel industry. Energ Convers Manage 2014; 77: 108-117.
[15] Hung TC, Shai TY, Wang SK. A review of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-grade waste heat. Energy 1997; 7: 661-667.
[16] Guo J, Xu M, Cheng L. Thermodynamic analysis of waste heat power generation system. Energy 2010; 35: 2824- 2835.
[17] Jing L, Gang P, Jie J. Optimization of low temperature solar thermal electric generation with organic Rankine cycle in different areas. Appl Energ 2010; 87: 3355-3365.
[18] Hettiarachchia HDM, Golubovica M, Woreka WM, Ikegamib Y. Optimum design criteria for an Organic Rankine Cycle using low-temperature geothermal heat sources. Energy 2007; 32: 1698-1706.
[19] Galindo J, Ruiz S, Dolz V, Royo-Pascual L, Haller R. Experimental and thermodynamic analysis of a bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC) of gasoline engine using swash-plate expander. Energ Convers Manage 2015; 103: 519-532.
[20] Habka M, Ajib S. Evaluation of mixtures performances in organic Rankine cycle when utilizing the geothermal water with and without cogeneration. Appl Energ 2015; 154: 567-576.
[21] Guzovic Z, Raskovic P, Blataric Z. The comparision of a basic and a dual-pressure ORC (organic Rankine cycle): geothermal power plant Velika Ciglena case study. Energy 2014; 76: 175-186.
[22] Loo S, Koppejan J. The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-Firing. London, UK: Earthscan; 2008.
[23] Gao P, Wang LW, Wang RZ, Jiang L, Zhou ZS .Experimental investigation on a small pumpless ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system driven by the low temperature heat source. Energy 2015; 91: 324-333.
[24] Karellas S, Braimakis K. Energyexergy analysis and economic investigation of a cogeneration and trigeneration ORCVCC hybrid system utilizing biomass fuel and solar power. Energ Convers Manage 2016; 107: 103-113.
[25] Khaljani M, Khoshbakhti Saray R, Bahlouli K. Comprehensive analysis of energy, exergy and exergo-economic of cogeneration of heat and power in a combined gas turbine and organic Rankine cycle. Energ Convers Manage 2015; 97: 154-165.
[26] Al-Sulaiman FA. Exergy analysis of parabolic trough solar collectors integrated with combined steam and organic Rankine cycles. Energ Covers Manage 2014; 77: 441-449.
[27] Al-Sulaiman FA, Dincer I, Hamdullahpur F. Exergy analysis of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle for cooling, heating and power production. J Power Sources 2010; 195: 2346-2354.
[28] Al-Sulaiman FA, Hamdullahpur F, Dincer I. Greenhouse gas emission and exergy assessments of an integrated organic Rankine cycle with a biomass combustor for combined cooling, heating and power production. Appl Therm Eng 2011; 31: 439-446.
[29] Barrera JE, Bazzo E, Kami E. Exergy analysis and energy improvement of a Brazilian floating oil platform using organic Rankine cycles. Energy 2015; 88: 67-79.
[30] El-Emam RS, Dincer I. Exergy and exergoeconomic analyses and optimization of geothermal organic Rankine cycle. Appl Therm Eng 2013; 59: 435-444.
[31] Feng Y, Zhang Y, Li B, Yang J, Shi Y. Comparison between regenerative organic Rankine cycle (RORC) and basic organic Rankine cycle (BORC) based on thermoeconomic multi-objective optimization considering exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC). Energ Convers Manage 2015; 96: 58-71.
[32] Hassoun A, Dincer I. Analysis and performance assessment of a multigenerational system powered by organic Rankine cycle for a net zero energy house. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 76: 25-36.
[33] Gao P, Jiang L, Wang LW, Wang RZ, Song FP. Simulation and experiments on an ORC system with different scroll expanders based on energy and exergy analysis. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 75: 880-888.
[34] Kim KH, Perez-Blanco H. Performance analysis of a combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression cycle for power and refrigeration cogeneration. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 91: 964-974.
[35] Lecompte S, Huisseune H, Van Den Broek M, De Paepe M. Methodical thermodynamic analysis and regression models of organic Rankine cycle architectures for waste heat recovery. Energy 2015; 87: 60-76.
[36] Lee U, Kim K, Han C. Design and optimization of multi-component organic Rankine cycle using liquefied natural gas cryogenic exergy. Energy 2014; 77: 520-532.
[37] Li G. Organic Rankine cycle performance evaluation and thermo-economic assessment with various applications part I: Energy and exergy performance evaluation. Renew Sust Energ Rev 2016; 53: 477-499.
[38] Liu W, Meinel D, Gleinser M, Wieland C, Spliethoff H. Optimal heat source temperature for thermodynamic optimization of sub-critical organic Rankine cycles. Energy 2015; 88: 897-906.
[39] Liu H, Zhou Q, Zhao H, Wang P. Experiments and thermal modeling on hybrid energy supply system of gas engine heat pumps and organic Rankine cycle. Energ Buildings 2015; 87: 226-232.
[40] Mohammadkhani F, Shokati N, Mahmoudi SMS, Yari M, Rosen MA. Exergoeconomic assessment and parametric study of a gas turbine-modular helium reactor combined with two organic Rankine cycles. Energy 2014; 65: 533-543.
[41] Nafey AS, Sharaf MA. Combined solar organic Rankine cycle with reverse osmosis desalination process: energy, exergy, and cost evaluations. Renew Energ 2010; 35: 2571-2580.
[42] Safarian S, Aramoun F. Energy and exergy assessments of modified organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). Energ Rep 2015; 1: 1-7.
[43] Stijepovic MZ, Papadopoulos AI, Linke P, Grujic AS, Seferlis P. An exergy composite curves approach for the design of optimum multi-pressure organic Rankine cycle processes. Energy 2014; 69: 285-298.
[44] Tchanche BF, Lambrinos GR, Frangoudakis A, Papadakis G. Exergy analysis of micro-organic Rankine power cycles for a small scale solar driven reverse osmosis desalination system. Appl Energ 2010; 87: 1295-1306.
[45] Tomkow L, Cholewinski M. Improvement of the LNG (liquid natural gas) regasification efficiency by utilizing the cold exergy with a coupled absorption ORC (organic Rankine cycle). Energy 2015; 87: 645-653.
[46] Ozdil NFT, Segmen MR, Tantekin A. Thermodynamic analysis of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based on industrial data. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 91: 43-52.
[47] Xue X, Guo C, Du X, Yang L, Yang Y. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a two-stage organic Rankine cycle for liquefied natural gas cryogenic exergy recovery. Energy 2015; 83: 778-787.
[48] Yu C, Xu J, Sun Y. Transcritical pressure organic Rankine cycle (ORC) analysis based on the integrated-average temperature difference in evaporators. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 88: 2-13.
[49] Zhu Y, Hu Z, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Yu L. Applicability of entropy, entransy and exergy analyses to the optimization of the organic Rankine cycle. Energ Convers Manage 2014; 88: 267-276.
[50] Bracco R, Clemente S, Micheli D, Reini M. Experimental tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (organic Rankine cycle). Energy 2013; 58: 107-116.
[51] Kang Z, Zhu J, Lu X, Li T, Wu X. Parametric optimization and performance analysis of zeotropic mixtures for an organic Rankine cycle driven by low-medium temperature geothermal fluids. Appl Therm Eng 2015; 89: 323-331.
[52] Kim K, Lee U, Kim C, Han C. Design and optimization of cascade organic Rankine cycle for recovering cryogenic energy from liquefied natural gas using binary working fluid. Energy 2015; 88: 304-313.
[53] Le VL, Feidt M, Kheiri A, Pelloux-Prayer S. Performance optimization of low-temperature power generation by supercritical ORCs (organic Rankine cycles) using low GWP (global warming potential) working fluids. Energy 2014; 67: 513-526.
[54] Lecompte S, Ameel B, Ziviani D, Van Den Broek M, De Paepe M. Exergy analysis of zeotropic mixtures as working fluids in organic Rankine cycles. Energ Convers Manage 2014; 85: 727-739.
[55] Long R, Bao YJ, Huang XM, Liu W. Exergy analysis and working fluid selection of organic Rankine cycle for low grade waste heat recovery. Energy 2014; 73: 475-483.
[56] Yuan H, Mei N. Energy, exergy analysis and working fluid selection of a Rankine cycle for subsea power system. Energ Convers Manage 2015; 101: 216-228.
[57] Zhu S, Deng K, Qu S. Energy and exergy analyses of a bottoming Rankine cycle for engine exhaust heat recovery. Energy 2013; 58: 448-457.
[58] Mikielewicz D, Mikielewicz, J. A thermodynamic criterion for selection of working fluid for subcritical and supercritical domestic micro CHP. Appl Therm Eng 2010; 30: 2357-2362.
[59] Rayegan R, Tao YX. A procedure to select working fluids for solar organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). Renew Energ 2010; 36: 659-670.
[60] Aghahosseini S, Dincer I. Comparative performance analysis of low-temperature organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using pure and zeotropic working fluids. Appl Therm Eng 2013; 54: 35-42.
[61] Vijayaraghavan S, Groswami DY. Organic working fluids for a combined power and cooling cycle. ASME J Energy Resour Technol 2005; 127: 125-130.
[62] Saleh B, Koglbauer G, Wendland M, Fischer J. Working fluids for low temperature organic Rankine cycles. Energy 2007; 32: 1210-1221.
[63] Badr O, Probert SD, OCallaghan PW. Selecting a working fluid for a Rankine cycle engine. Appl Energ 1985; 21: 1-42.
[64] Victor RA, Kim JK, Smith R. Composition optimization of working fluids for organic Rankine cycles and Kalina cycles. Energy 2013; 55: 114-126.
[65] Cataldo F, Mastrullo R, Mauro AW, Vanoli GP. Fluid selection of organic Rankine cycle for low-temperature waste heat recovery based on thermal optimization. Energy 2014; 72: 159-167.
[66] Jiang L, Wang LW, Wang RZ, Gao P, Song FP. Investigation on cascading cogeneration system of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and CaCl 2 /BaCl 2 two-stage adsorption freezer. Energy 2014; 71: 377-387.
[67] Turboden Biomass Solutions. Product Information. East Hartford, CT, USA: Pratt & Whitney Power Systems, 2011.