Rate 1 space-time and space-frequency spreading diversity technique

In this study, a rate 1 transmitter diversity technique is proposed. The proposed technique uses spreading transform and space-time block coding (STBC) together. Space-time, space-frequency, and frequency diversity applications of the proposed technique are shown. The code matrix of the proposed technique can be designed systematically. The proposed technique needs the channel coefficients to stay constant over transmission of 2 rows of the coding matrix regardless of the size of the coding matrix or the diversity order. However, joint detection of the symbols is required for the proposed technique. We used computer simulations to compare our technique with the quasi-orthogonal space-time block coding (QOSTBC), orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC), and spreading transform diversity methods. The results showed that the proposed technique provides higher SNR-BER gain than OSTBC and spreading transform diversity, and can provide a higher gain than QOSTBC for time-varying channels. The proposed technique is less sensitive to the time selectivity of the channel than QOSTBC or OSTBC. The detection complexity of the proposed technique is lower than that of spreading diversity.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Key words: Diversity, space-time coding, space-frequency coding, carrier spreading, OFDM

Rate 1 space-time and space-frequency spreading diversity technique

Keywords:

Key words: Diversity, space-time coding, space-frequency coding, carrier spreading, OFDM,

PDF

___

E. Telatar, “Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels”, European Transactions on Telecommunications, Vol. 10, pp. 585-595, 1999.
G.J. Foschini, M.J. Gans, “On limits of wireless communications in fading environment when using multiple antennas”, Wireless Pers. Commun., Vol. 6, pp. 311-335, 1998.
V. Tarokh., N. Seshadri, A.R. Calderbank, “Space-time codes for high data rate wireless communication performance criterion and code construction”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 44, pp. 744-765, 1998.
J.C. Guey, M.P Fitz, M.R. Bell, W.Y. Kuo, “Signal design for transmitter diversity wireless communication systems over Rayleigh fading channels”, IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 47, pp. 527-537, 1999.
S. Alamouti, “A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications”, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. 16, pp. 1451-1458, 1998.
V. Tarokh, H. Jafarkhani, A.R. Calderbank, “Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 45, pp. 1456-1467, 1999.
H. Jafarkhani, “A quasi-orthogonal space-time block code”, IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 49, pp. 1-4, 2001.
O. Tirkkonen, A. Boariu, A. Hottinen, “Minimal non-orthogonality rate 1 space time block codes for 3+ Tx antennas”, IEEE 6th Int. Symp. Spread-Spectrum Techniques and Applications, pp. 429-432, 2000.
C.B. Papadias, G.J. Foschini, “Capacity-approaching space-time codes for systems employing four transmitter antennas”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 49, pp. 726-732, 2003.
A. Vielmon, Y. Li, J.R. Barry, “Performance of Alamouti transmit diversity over time-varying Rayleigh channels”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Communications, Vol. 3, pp. 1369-1373, 2004.
D. Agrawal, V. Tarokh, A. Naguib, N. Seshadri, “Space-time coded OFDM for high data-rate wireless communica- tion over wideband channels”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp. 232-236, 1998.
K.F. Lee, D.B. Williams, “A space-frequency transmitter diversity technique for OFDM systems”, Globecom ’00 IEEE, 2000.
K.F. Lee, D.B. Williams, “A space-time coded transmitter diversity technique for frequency selective fading channels”, Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop of IEEE, pp. 149-152, 2000.
A. Bury, J. Egle, J. Lindner, “Diversity comparison of spreading transforms for multicarrier spread spectrum transmission”, IEEE Trans. Communications, Vol. 51, pp. 774-781, 2003.
M.L. McCloud, “Analysis and design of short block OFDM spreading matrices for use on multipath fading channels”, IEEE Trans. Communications, Vol. 53, pp. 656-665, 2005.
W. Su, X.G. Xia, “On space-time block codes from orthogonal designs”, Wireless Personal Comm., Vol. 25, pp. 1-26, 2003.
G. Ganesan, P. Stoica, “Space-time block codes: a maximum SNR approach”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 47, pp. 1650-1656, 2001.
B.M. Hochwald, T.L. Marzetta, C.B. Papadias, “A transmitter diversity scheme for wideband CDMA systems based on space-time spreading”, IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., Vol. 19, pp. 48-60, 2001.
W. Su, X.G. Xia, “Two generalized complex orthogonal space-time block codes of rates 7/11 and 3/5 for 5 and 6 transmitter antennas”, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. 49, pp. 313-316, 2003.
C. Yuen, Y.L. Guan, T.T. Tjhung,. “Full-rate full-diversity STBC with constellation rotation”, IEEE VTC, Vol. 1, pp. 296-300, 2003.
W. Su, X.G. Xia, “Signal constellations for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity”, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 50, pp. 2331-2347, 2004.
O. Tirkkonen, “Optimizing space-time block codes by constellation rotations”, Finnish Wireless Communications Workshop, pp. 59-60, 2001.
N. Sharma, C.B. Papadias, “Improved quasi-orthogonal codes through constellation rotation”, IEEE Trans. Com- munications, Vol. 51, pp. 332-335, 2003.
H. Jafarkhani, N. Hassanpour, “Super-quasi-orthogonal space time trellis codes”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Communi- cations, Vol. 4, pp. 215-217, 2005.
Y. Xin, Z. Wang, G.B. Giannakis, “Space-time diversity systems based on linear constellation precoding”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Vol. 2, pp. 294-309, 2003.
X. Giraud, E. Boutillon, J.C. BelŞore, “Algebraic tools to build modulation schemes for fading channels”, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 43, pp. 938-952, 1997.
J. Boutros, E. Viterbo, “Signal space diversity: a power and bandwidth-eﬃcient diversity technique for the Rayleigh fading channel”, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 44, pp. 1453-1467, 1998.
W.C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, Piscataway, NJ, IEEE Press, 1993.
Y.R. Zheng, C. Xiao, “Simulation models with correct statistical properties for Rayleigh fading channels”, IEEE Trans. Commun., Vol. 51, pp. 920-928, 2003.
L.C. Tran, T.A. Wysocki, J. Seberry, A. Mertins, “A generalized algorithm for the generation of correlated Rayleigh fading envelopes in radio channels”, IEEE 19th Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 2005.
W.C. Jakes, Microwave Mobile Communications, New York, Wiley, 1974.
W. Su, Z. Safar, K.J.R. Liu, “Full-rate full-diversity space-frequency codes with optimum coding advantage”, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Vol. 5, pp. 229-249, 2005.
G. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Norwell, MA, Kluwer Academic, 2001.