Strike-slip neotectonic regime and related structures in the Cappadocia region: a case study in the Salanda basin, Central Anatolia, Turkey

The study area is a strike-slip basin of approximately 1 9 km wide, 66 km long and N65°W trending, located between the historical Kesikköprü in the west and the Sarıhıdır settlement in the east along the northern side of the Central Anatolian Volcanic Province. It was evolved on a regional erosional surface of a pre-Quaternary volcanosedimentary sequence during Quaternary. This is evidenced by the stratigraphical, structural, and seismic data. The total amounts of throw and dextral strike-slip displacement accumulated on the basin-boundary faults during the evolutionary history of the basin are 178 m and 5 km, respectively. The average slip rate on the Salanda master fault is approximately 4 mm/year since the late early Pleistocene based on the total dextral strike-slip offset accumulated on it. The throw amount is small compared with the dextral strike-slip offset, which implies a strike-slip regime rather than a tensional tectonic regime in the basin. This is also supported by the combination of both the contractional and extensional structures such as reverse faults, fissure-ridge travertines, and a series of stepped terraces of late Quaternary age. Finally, it would be useful to take this paper into account in new works to be carried out in other sections of the Cappadocia region, because a new neotectonic regime (strike-slip tectonic regime) is first introduced here for this region.

PDF

___

Akgün F, Olgun E, Kuşcu I, Toprak V, Göncüoğlu MC (1995). New findings on the stratigraphy, sedimentology and true age of the Oligo-Miocene cover of the central Anatolian Complex. TAPG Bull 6: 51-68.
Altunel E (1996). Pamukkale travertenlerinin morfolojik özellikleri, yaşları ve neotektonik önemleri. MTA Dergisi 118: 47-64 (in Turkish).
Altunel E, Hancock PL (1993). Active fissuring and faulting in Quaternary travertines at Pamukkale, western Turkey. Z Geomorphol 94: 285-302.
Altunel E, Karabacak V (2005). Determination of horizontal extension from fissure-ridge travertines: a case study from the Denizli Basin, southwestern Turkey. Geodin Acta 18: 333-342.
Atabey E (1989a). Aksaray-H18 Quadrangle, 1:100,000 Scale Geological Map and Explanatory Text. Ankara, Turkey: MTA Publications (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
Atabey E (1989b). Aksaray-H19 Quadrangle, 1:100,000 Scale Geological Map and Explanatory Text. Ankara, Turkey: MTA Publications (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
Aydar E, Schmitt AK, Çubukçu HE, Akın L, Ersoy O, Şen E, Duncan RA, Atıcı G (2012). Correlation of ignimbrites in the central Anatolian volcanic province using zircon and plagioclase ages and zircon compositions. J Volcanol Geoth Res 213-214: 83-97.
Aydın SN (1991). Petrographic characteristics of the central Anatolian Massif Akçataş granite (Nevşehir). Bull Min Res Exp 112: 117-133.
Batum İ (1978). Geology and Petrology of Acıgöl and Göllüdağ Volcanics at Southwest of Nevşehir (Central Anatolia/Turkey). Yerbilimleri Dergisi 4: 70-88.
Beekman PH (1966). The Pliocene and Quaternary volcanism in the Hasan Dag-Melendiz Dag region. Bull Min Res Exp 66: 90-105.
Besang C, Eckhardt FJ, Harre W, Kreuzer H, Müller P (1977). Radiometrische Altersbestimmungen an Neogenen Eruptivegesteinen der Türkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch 25: 3-36 (in German).
Blumenthal M (1941). Niğde ve Adana vilayetleri dolayındaki Torosların jeolojisine umumi bir bakış. MTA Yayınları SeriB6. Ankara, Turkey: MTA (in Turkish).
Boztuğ D, Güney O, Heizler M, Jonckheere RC, Tichornirowa M, Otlu N (2009). 207 Pb-206 Pb, 40 Ar-39 Ar and fission-track geothermochronology quantifying cooling and exhumation history of the Kaman-Kırşehir region intrusions, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 18: 85-108.
Brogi A, Capezzuoli A, Costantini A, Gandin A, Lazzarotto A (2005). Tectonics and travertines relationship in the Rapolano Terme area (Northern Apennines, Italy). In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Travertine, pp. 142-148.
Dhont D, Chorowicz J, Yürür T, Froger JL, Köse O, Gündoğdu N (1998). Emplacement of volcanic vents and geodynamics of central Anatolia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85: 33-54.
Dirik K (2001). Neotectonic evolution of the northwestward arched segment of the Central Anatolian Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Geodin Acta 14: 147-158.
Dirik K, Göncüoğlu MC, Kozlu H (1999). Stratigraphy and pre-Miocene tectonic evolution of the southwestern part of the Sivas basin central Anatolia, Turkey. Geol J 34: 303-319.
Doğan U (2011). Climate-controlled river terrace formation in the Kızılırmak Valley, Cappadocia section, Turkey: inferred from ArAr dating of Quaternary basalts and terraces stratigraphy. Geomorphology 126: 6681.
Ercan T (1986). Orta Anadoludaki Senozoyik volkanizması. MTA Dergisi 107: 119-140 (in Turkish).
Erkan Y (1981). An investigation about the metamorphism age of the Central Anatolian massif (Kırşehir region) by K-Ar methodology. Yerbilimleri Dergisi 8: 27-30.
Frizon de Lamotte D, Raulin C, Mouchot N, Wrobel-Daveau JC, Blanpied C, Ringenbach JC (2011). The southernmost margin of the Tethys realm during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic: Initial geometry and timing of the inversion processes. Tectonics 30: TC3002.
Froger JL, Lenat JF, Chorowicz J, Le Pennec JL, Bourdier JL, Köse O, Zimitoğlu O, Gündoğdu NM, Gourgaud A (1998). Hidden calderas evidenced by multisource geophysical data; example of Cappadocian calderas, Central Anatolia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85: 99-128.
Gautier P, Bozkurt E, Bosse V, Hallot E, Dirik K (2008). Coeval extensional shearing and lateral underflow during Late Cretaceous core complex development in the Niğde Massif, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonics 27: TC1003.
Gautier P, Bozkurt E, Hallot E, Dirik K (2002). Dating the exhumation of a metamorphic dome: geological evidence for pre-Eocene unroofing of the Nigde Massif (Central Anatolia, Turkey). Geol Mag 139: 559-576.
Genç Y, Yürür T (2010). Coeval extension and compression in Late Mesozoic-Recent thin skinned extensional tectonics in central Anatolia, Turkey. J Struct Geol 32: 623-640.
Güleç S (1996). Tuzköy (Nevşehir) ve civarındaki volkanitlerin mineralojisi ve petrografisi. MSc, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (in Turkish).
Gülyüz E, Kaymakcı N, Meijers MJM, van Hinsbergen DJJ, Lefebvre C, Vissers R, Hendriks B, Peynircioğlu AA (2013). Late Eocene evolution of the Çiçekdağı Basin (Central Turkey): Syn-sedimentary compression during microcontinentcontinent collision in Central Anatolia. Tectonophysics 602: 286-299.
Gürsoy H, Piper JDA, Tatar O, Mesci L (1998). Palaeomagnetic study of the Karaman and Karapınar volcanic complexes, Central Turkey: neotectonic rotation in the South central sector of the Anatolian Block. Tectonophysics 299: 191-211.
Hancock PL, Chalmers RML, Altunel E, Çakır Z (1999). Travitonics: using travertines in active fault studies. J Struct Geol 21: 903-916.
Hempton MR (1987). Constraints on Arabian plate motion and extensional history of the Red Sea. Tectonics 6: 687-705.
İnan S (1993). Kızılırmak fay zonunun yapısal ve morfotektonik özellikleri. Türk Jeol Kurumu Bül 8: 321-328 (in Turkish).
Innocenti F, Mazzuoli R, Pasquare G, Radicati di Brozolo F, Villari L (1975). The Neogene calc-alkaline volcanism of Central Anatolia: geochronological data on KayseriNigde area. Geol Mag 112: 349-360.
Kadıoğlu YK, Dilek Y, Foland KA (2006). Slab break-off and syncollisional origin of the Late Cretaceous magmatism in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey. Geol S Am S 409: 381-415.
Karabacak V (2007). Ihlara vadisi (Orta Anadolu) travertenlerinin genel özellikleri ve kabuksal deformasyon açısından önemleri. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 20: 65-82 (in Turkish).
Keller J (1974). Quaternary maar volcanism near Karapınar in Central Anatolia. B Volcanol 38: 378-396.Koçyiğit A (1976). Karaman-Ermenek (Konya) bölgesinde ofiyolitli melanj ve diğer oluşuklar. Türk Jeol Kurumu Bül 19: 103-115 (in Turkish).
Koçyiğit A (1984). Intraplate neotectonic development in southwestern Turkey and its near environ. Geol Soc Turkey Bull 27: 1-16 (in Turkish with an abstract in English).
Koçyiğit A (1991). An example of an accretionary forearc basin from northern Central Anatolia and its implications for the history of subduction of Neo-Tethys in Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull 103: 22-36.
Koçyiğit A (2003). Orta Anadolunun genel Neotektonik Özellikleri ve Depremselliği: Haymana-Tuzgölü-Ulukışla Basenleri Uygulamalı Çalışma. TPJD Özel Sayı 5: 1-26.
Koçyiğit A (2005). Denzili Graben-Horst System and the eastern limit of the West Anatolian continental extension: basin fill, structure, deformational mode, throw amount and episodic evolutionary history, SW Turkey. Geodin Acta 18: 167-208.
Koçyiğit A (2008). Orta Anadolunun aktif tektoniği ve jeotermal enerji potansiyeli. Ankara, Turkey: ODTÜ Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü (in Turkish).
Koçyiğit A (2009). Ankaranın depremselliği ve 2005-2007 Afşar (Bala-Ankara) depremlerinin kaynağı. Harita Dergisi 141: 1-12 (in Turkish).
Koçyiğit A, Beyhan A (1998). A new intracontinental transcurrent structure: the Central Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey. Tectonophysics 284: 317-336.
Koçyiğit A, Deveci Ş (2008). Ankara orogenic phase, its age and transition from thrusting-dominated palaeotectonic period to the strike-slip Neotectonic period, Ankara (Turkey). Turkish J Earth Sci 17: 433-459.
Koçyiğit A, Erol O (2001). A tectonic escape structure: Erciyes pull-apart basin, Kayseri, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Geodin Acta 14: 133-145.
Koçyiğit A, Türkmenoğlu A, Beyhan A, Kaymakçı N, Akyol E (1995). Post-collisional tectonics of Eskişehir-Ankara-Çankırı segments of İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture zone: Ankara orogenic phase. TABG Bull 6: 69-86.
Koçyiğit A, Yılmaz A, Adamia S, Kuloshvili S (2001). Neotectonic of East Anatolian Plateau (Turkey) and Lesser Caucasus: Implication for transition from thrusting to strike-slip faulting. Geodin Acta 14, 177-195.
Köksal S, Göncüoğlu C (1997). İdiş Dağı-Avanos Alanının Jeolojisi (Nevşehir, Orta Anadolu). MTA Dergisi 119: 73-87 (in Turkish).
Kürçer A, Yeleser L, Karzaoğlu H, Izladı E, Aykaç S, Kutlu S, Köse K, Bostan S, Kurdal S (2012). Neotectonic Characteristics and Paleoseismology of Salt Lake Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey. MTA Report No. 11573. Ankara, Turkey: MTA.
Le Pennec JL, Temel A, Froger JL, Şen S, Gourgaud A, Bourdier JL (2005). Stratigraphy and age of the Cappadocia ignimbrites, Turkey: reconciling field constraints with paleontologic, radiochronologic, geochemical and paleomagnetic data. J Volcanol Geoth Res 141: 45-64.
McKenzie DP (1969). Speculations on the consequences and causes of plate motions. Geophys J Roy Astr S 30: 109-185.
Mesci BL, Gürsoy H, Tatar O (2008). The evolution of travertine masses in the Sivas area (Central Turkey) and their relationships to active tectonics. Turkish J Earth Sci 17: 219-240.
Metz K (1956). Aladağ ve Karanfil Dağının yapısı ve bunların Kilikya Toros sistemiyle temsil edilen batı kenarları hakkında malumat husuli için yapılan jeolojik etüd. MTA Dergisi 48: 63-75 (in Turkish).
Notsu K, Fujitani T, Ui T, Matsuda J, Ercan T (1995). Geochemical features of collision-related volcanic rocks in central and eastern Anatolia. J Volcanol Geoth Res 64: 171-192.
Ocakoğlu F (2004). Mio-Pliocene basin development in the eastern part of the Cappadocian Volcanic Province (Central Anatolia, Turkey) and its implications for regional tectonics. Int J Earth Sci (Geologishe Rundschau) 93: 314-328.
Özsayın E, Çiner A, Rojay B, Dirik K, Melnick D, Fernandez-Blanco D, Bertotti G, Schildgen TF, Garcin Y, Strecker MR et al. (2013). Plio-Quaternary extensional tectonics of the Central Anatolian Plateau: a case study from the Tuz Gölü Basin, Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 22: 691-714.
Pasquare G (1968). Geology of the Cenozoic volcanic area of Central Anatolia. Atti Acc Naz Lincei 9: 53-204.
Pasquare G, Poli S, Vezzoli L, Zanchi A (1988). Continental arc volcanism and tectonic setting in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Tectonophysics 146: 127-230.
Platzman ES, Tapırdamaz C, Sanver M (1998). Neogene anticlockwise rotation of Central Anatolia (Turkey): preliminary palaeomagnetic and geochronological results. Tectonophysics 299: 175-189.
Robertson AHF, Grasso M (1995). Overview of the Late Tertiary-recent tectonic and paleoenvironmental development of the Mediterranean region. Terra Nova 7: 114-127.
Sassano G (1964). Acıgöl bölgesinde Neojen ve Kuvaterner volkanizması. MTA Rapor No: 6841. Ankara, Turkey: MTA (in Turkish).Şengör AMC, Yılmaz Y (1981). Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics 55: 361-376.
Seymen I (1984). Geological evolution of the Kırşehir massif metamorphites. In: Turkish Geological Society Ketin Symposium Proceedings, pp. 133-148.
Tan O, Tapırdamaz MC, Ergintav S, İnan S, İravul Y, Saatçılar R, Tüzel B, Tarancıoğlu A Karakısa S, Kartal RF et al. (2010). Bala (Ankara) earthquakes: implications for shallow crustal deformation in Central Anatolian section of the Anatolian platelet (Turkey). Turkish J Earth Sci 19: 449-471.
Tan O, Tapırdamaz MC, Yörük A (2008). The earthquake catalogues for Turkey. Turkish J Earth Sci 17: 405-418.
Tatar O, Piper JDA, Gürsoy H (2000). Paleomagnetic study of the Erciyes sector of the Ecemiş fault zone: Neotectonic deformation in the south eastern part of the Anatolian Block. In: Bozkurt E, Winchester JA, Piper JDA, editors. Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and the Surrounding Area. London, UK: Geological Society Special Publications, pp. 423-440.
Temiz U (2004). Kırşehir Dolayının Neotektoniği ve Depremselliği. PhD, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.Temiz U, Gökten E, Eikenberg J (2009). U/Th dating of fissure ridge travertines from the Kırşehir region (Central Anatolia Turkey): structural relations and implications for the Neotectonic development of the Anatolian block. Geodin Acta 22: 201-213.
Tolluoğlu Ü (1993). Kırşehir Masifini kesen felsik intrüziflerin (Kötüdağ ve Buzlukdağ) petrografik ve jeokimyasal karakterleri. Yerbilimleri Dergisi 16: 19-41.
Toprak V (1994). Central Kızılırmak Fault Zone: Northern margin of Central Anatolian Volcanics. Turkish J Earth Sci 3: 29-38.
Toprak V (1996). Kapadokya volkanik çöküntüsünde gelişmiş Kuvaterner yaşlı havzaların kökeni, Orta Anadolu. In: Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü 30. Yıl Sempozyumu, Trabzon, Turkey, pp. 327-339.
Toprak V (1998). Vent distribution and its relation to regional tectonics, Cappadocian Volcanics, Turkey. J Volcanol Geoth Res 85: 55-67.
Toprak V, Göncüoğlu MC (1993). Tectonic control on the development of Neogen Quaternary Central Anatolian volcanic province, Turkey. Geol J 28: 357-369.
USGS (2016). United States Geological Survey, National Earthquake Information Center. Web page: http:/www.usgs.gov/.
Viereck-Goette L, Lepetit P, Gürel A, Ganskow G, Çopuroğlu İ, Abratis M (2010). Revised volcanostratigraphy of the Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene Urgup Formation, Central Anatolian volcanic province, Turkey. Geol S Am S 464: 85-112.
Whitney DL, Teyssier C, Dilek Y, Fayon AK (2001). Metamorphism of the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex, Turkey: influence of orogen-normal collision vs. wrench dominated tectonics on PTt paths. J Metamorph Geol 19: 411-432.