Stacked debris flows offshore Sakarya Canyon, western Black Sea: morphology, seismic characterization and formation processes

Analysis of ca. 1400 km of multichannel seismic data indicate that the distal part of the Sakarya Canyon within the continental rise is an unstable region with sediment erosion. Fourteen buried debris flows (DB1-DB14), in the stacked form within Plio-Quaternary sediments between 1400 and 1950 m water depth, were observed in the surveyed area. Their run-out distances range from 3.8 to 24.4 km. The largest debris flow DB10 affects ca. 225 km(2) surficial area transporting ca. 15 km(3) of sediment in S to N direction. The debris flows in the area are considered as gravity flows of unconsolidated sediments mobilized due to the excess pore pressures occurred in the unconsolidated shallow sediments arising from the high sedimentation rate. We also suggest that extensive seismic activity of North Anatolian Fault (NAF) located ca. 140 km south of the of the study area along with the possible local fault activity is also a significant triggering factor for the flows. The stacked form of the debrites indicates that the excess pore pressure conditions are formed periodically over the time in the continental rise, which makes the region a potentially unstable area for the installation of offshore engineering structures.

Keywords:

Western Black Sea, Sakarya Canyon, debris flow seismic reflection, excess pore pressures,

PDF

___

Akyuz T, 2001, J RADIOANAL NUCL CH, V250, P129
Algan O, 2002, CONT SHELF RES, V22, P1511, DOI 10.1016/S0278-4343(02)00012-2
ALPTEKIN O, 1986, TECTONOPHYSICS, V122, P73, DOI 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90159-9
Antobreh AA, 2007, INT J EARTH SCI, V96, P451, DOI 10.1007/s00531-006-0112-8
Atgin O, 2014, GORD RES C VERM US .
Baraza J, 1999, MAR GEOL, V155, P191, DOI 10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00147-9
Bilgin T, 1984, ADAPARAZI OVAST SEPA, P199
Boe R, 2000, MAR GEOL, V167, P147, DOI 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00017-7
Cagatay MN, 1999, ENV DEGRADATION BLAC, V56, P9
Casas D, 2003, MAR PETROL GEOL, V20, P445, DOI 10.1016/S0264-8172(03)00078-3
Cauchon-Voyer G, 2008, MAR GEOL, V251, P233, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.03.003
Cukur D, 2016, GEO-MAR LETT, V36, P425, DOI 10.1007/s00367-016-0463-5
De Blasio FV, 2004, J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS, V109, DOI 10.1029/2002JC001714
Dikbas A, 2018, TECTONOPHYSICS, V738, P92, DOI 10.1016/j.tecto.2018.04.019
Diviacco P, 2006, MAR GEOPHYS RES, V27, P109, DOI 10.1007/s11001-005-3136-8
Domzig A, 2009, MAR PETROL GEOL, V26, P673, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.05.006
Dondurur D, 2007, MAR GEOL, V237, P37, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2006.10.035
Dondurur D, 2013, GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, V103, P248, DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.05.009
Drab L, 2015, B SEISMOL SOC AM, V105, P622, DOI 10.1785/0120130083
Drago M, 2002, OCEAN ENG, V29, P1769, DOI 10.1016/S0029-8018(02)00008-2
Ducassou E, 2013, MAR PETROL GEOL, V39, P102, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.09.006
Dugan B, 2012, MAR GEOL, V315, P98, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2012.05.001
DUMAN M, 1994, GEO-MAR LETT, V14, P272, DOI 10.1007/BF01274063
Evans D, 1996, MAR GEOL, V130, P281, DOI 10.1016/0025-3227(95)00135-2
Finetti I., 1988, B GEOFISICA APPL, V30, P197
Genov I, 2009, OCEANOLOGY+, V49, P540, DOI 10.1134/S0001437009040122
Grozic JLH, 2010, ADV NAT TECH HAZ RES, V28, P11, DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3071-9_2
Hampton MA, 1996, REV GEOPHYS, V34, P33, DOI 10.1029/95RG03287
Hernandez-Molina FJ, 2008, MAR GEOL, V249, P21, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2007.09.011
Hillman JIT, 2018, MAR PETROL GEOL, V92, P1069, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.03.025
Hornbach MJ, 2015, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V120, P7986, DOI 10.1002/2015JB012061
Ilstad T, 2004, MAR GEOL, V213, P415, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.017
Kenning JJ, 2020, MAR PETROL GEOL, V115, P1
Krastel S, 2006, NORW J GEOL, V86, P163 .
Kremer CH, 2018, MAR PETROL GEOL, V92, P1, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.01.035
Kret K, 2020, MAR PETROL GEOL, V116, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104305
Lee H, 1999, MAR GEOL, V155, P173, DOI 10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00146-7
Loncke L, 2009, MAR PETROL GEOL, V26, P711, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.010
Menlikli Cem, 2009, Leading Edge, V28, P1066, DOI 10.1190/1.3236376
Middleton G.V., 1973, TURBIDITES DEEP WATE, P1
Moscardelli L, 2008, BASIN RES, V20, P73, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2117.2007.00340.x
Mouchot N, 2010, MAR GEOL, V271, P17, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.006
Mulder T, 2009, MAR PETROL GEOL, V26, P660, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.02.009
Nasif A, 2017, 19 EUR GEOSC UN EDU, P12079
Nasif A, 2019, 72 TURK GEOL C ANK T .
Nasif A, 2020, TURK J EARTH SCI, V29, P434, DOI 10.3906/yer-1909-2
Nikishin AM, 2015, MAR PETROL GEOL, V59, P656, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.018
OKAY AI, 1994, GEOLOGY, V22, P267, DOI 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0267:KHOTOO>2.3.CO;2
Ozalp S, 2013, B Miner Res Explor, V147, P1
Reece JS, 2012, J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA, V117, DOI 10.1029/2012JB009438
Robinson AG, 1996, MAR PETROL GEOL, V13, P195, DOI 10.1016/0264-8172(95)00042-9
Rockwell T, 2009, GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL, V316, P31, DOI 10.1144/SP316.3
Ross DA, 1977, OCEAN BASINS MARGI A, P445
Rovere M, 2014, MAR GEOL, V356, P31, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2013.06.003
Savini A, 2010, DEEP-SEA RES PT II, V57, P326, DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2009.08.014
Shanmugam G, 2016, J PALAEOGEOG-ENGLISH, V5, P110, DOI 10.1016/j.jop.2015.08.011
Shanmugam G, 1996, J SEDIMENT RES, V66, P2, DOI 10.1306/D426828E-2B26-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Shanmugam G, 2000, MAR PETROL GEOL, V17, P285, DOI 10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00011-2
Sipahioglu NO, 2017, SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS, V464
Sultan N, 2004, MAR GEOL, V213, P291, DOI 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.011
Sun Q, 2020, SELENIUM RESEARCH FOR ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH: PERSPECTIVES, TECHNOLOGIES AND ADVANCEMENTS, P193
Sun Q, 2020, MAR PETROL GEOL, V112, P104
Sun QL, 2018, GEOPHYS RES LETT, V45, P2642, DOI 10.1002/2017GL076484
Talling PJ, 2012, SEDIMENTOLOGY, V59, P1937, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01353.x
Tari E, 2000, EARTH PLANETS SPACE, V52, P747, DOI 10.1186/BF03352276
Tari G, 2015, MAR PETROL GEOL, V66, P135, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.03.021
von Huene R, 2004, MAR GEOL, V203, P303, DOI 10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00312-8
Wilken M, 2006, QUATERNARY SCI REV, V25, P784, DOI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.004
Winguth C, 2000, MAR GEOL, V167, P127, DOI 10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00024-4
Yang T, 2019, MAR PETROL GEOL, V102, P231, DOI 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.12.033
Yigitbas E, 2004, GEOL J, V39, P179, DOI 10.1002/gj.962
ZONENSHAIN LP, 1986, TECTONOPHYSICS, V123, P181, DOI 10.1016/0040-1951(86)90197-6